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v1.0517

For Baillie

PLATES

‘yet now did he see Tinúviel dancing in the twilight’

‘but Tevildo caught sight of her where she was perched’

‘no leaves they had, but ravens dark / sat thick as leaves on bough and bark’

‘Now ringed about with wolves they stand, / and fear their doom.’

‘Then the brothers rode off, but shot back at Huan treacherously’

‘On the bridge of woe / in mantle wrapped at dead of night / she sat and sang’

‘now down there swooped / Thorondor the King of Eagles, stooped’

‘fluttering before his eyes, she wound / a mazy-wingéd dance’

“Surely that is a Silmaril that shines now in the West?”

PREFACE

After the publication of The Silmarillion in 1977 I spent several years investigating the earlier history of the work, and writing a book which I called The History of The Silmarillion. Later this became the (somewhat shortened) basis of the earlier volumes of The History of Middle-earth.

In 1981 I wrote at length to Rayner Unwin, the chairman of Allen and Unwin, giving him an account of what I had been, and was still, doing. At that time, as I informed him, the book was 1,968 pages long and sixteen and a half inches across, and obviously not for publication. I said to him: ‘If and/or when you see this book, you will perceive immediately why I have said that it is in no conceivable way publishable. The textual and other discussions are far too detailed and minute; the size of it is (and will become progressively more so) prohibitive. It is done partly for my own satisfaction in getting things right, and because I wanted to know how the whole conception did in reality evolve from the earliest origins . . .

‘If there is a future for such enquiries, I want to make as sure as I can that any later research into JRRT’s “literary history” is not turned into a nonsense by mistaking the actual course of its evolution. The chaos and intrinsic difficulty of many of the papers (the layer upon layer of changes in a single manuscript page, the vital clues on scattered scraps found anywhere in the archive, the texts written on the backs of other works, the disordering and separation of manuscripts, the near or total illegibility in places, is simply inexaggerable . . .

‘In theory, I could produce a lot of books out of the History, and there are many possibilities and combinations of possibilities. For example, I could do “Beren”, with the original Lost Tale*, The Lay of Leithian, and an essay on the development of the legend. My preference, if it came to anything so positive, would probably be for the treating of one legend as a developing entity, rather than to give all the Lost Tales at one go; but the difficulties of exposition in detail would in such a case be great, because one would have to explain so often what was happening elsewhere, in other unpublished writings.’

I said that I would enjoy writing a book called ‘Beren’ on the lines I suggested: but ‘the problem would be its organisation, so that the matter was comprehensible without the editor becoming overpowering.’

When I wrote this I meant what I said about publication: I had no thought of its possibility, other than my idea of selecting a single legend ‘as a developing entity’. I seem now to have done precisely that—though with no thought of what I had said in my letter to Rayner Unwin thirty-five years ago: I had altogether forgotten it, until I came on it by chance when this book was all but completed.

There is however a substantial difference between it and my original idea, which is a difference of context. Since then, a large part of the immense store of manuscripts pertaining to the First Age, or Elder Days, has been published, in close and detailed editions: chiefly in volumes of The History of Middle-earth. The idea of a book devoted to the evolving story of ‘Beren’ that I ventured to mention to Rayner Unwin as a possible publication would have brought to light much hitherto unknown and unavailable writing. But this book does not offer a single page of original and unpublished work. What then is the need, now, for such a book?

I will attempt to provide an (inevitably complex) answer, or several answers. In the first place, an aspect of those editions was the presentation of the texts in a way that adequately displayed my father’s apparently eccentric mode of composition (often in fact imposed by external pressures), and so to discover the sequence of stages in the development of a narrative, and to justify my interpretation of the evidence.

At the same time, the First Age in The History of Middle-earth was in those books conceived as a history in two senses. It was indeed a history—a chronicle of lives and events in Middle-earth; but it was also a history of the changing literary conceptions in the passing years; and therefore the story of Beren and Lúthien is spread over many years and several books. Moreover, since that story became entangled with the slowly evolving ‘Silmarillion’, and ultimately an essential part of it, its developments are recorded in successive manuscripts primarily concerned with the whole history of the Elder Days.

To follow the story of Beren and Lúthien, as a single and well-defined narrative, in The History of Middle-earth is therefore not easy.

In an often quoted letter of 1951 my father called it ‘the chief of the stories of the Silmarillion’, and he said of Beren that he is ‘the outlawed mortal who succeeds (with the help of Lúthien, a mere maiden even if an elf of royalty) where all the armies and warriors have failed: he penetrates the stronghold of the Enemy and wrests one of the Silmarilli from the Iron Crown. Thus he wins the hand of Lúthien and the first marriage of mortal and immortal is achieved.

‘As such the story is (I think a beautiful and powerful) heroic-fairy-romance, receivable in itself with only a very general vague knowledge of the background. But it is also a fundamental link in the cycle, deprived of its full significance out of its place therein.’

In the second place, my purpose in this book is twofold. On the one hand I have tried to separate the story of Beren and Tinúviel (Lúthien) so that it stands alone, so far as that can be done (in my opinion) without distortion. On the other hand, I have wished to show how this fundamental story evolved over the years. In my foreword to the first volume of The Book of Lost Tales I said of the changes in the stories:

In the history of the history of Middle-earth the development was seldom by outright rejection—far more often it was by subtle transformation in stages, so that the growth of the legends (the process, for instance, by which the Nargothrond story made contact with that of Beren and Lúthien, a contact not even hinted at in the Lost Tales, though both elements were present) can seem like the growth of legends among peoples, the product of many minds and generations.

It is an essential feature of this book that these developments in the legend of Beren and Lúthien are shown in my father’s own words, for the method that I have employed is the extraction of passages from much longer manuscripts in prose or verse written over many years.

In this way, also, there are brought to light passages of close description or dramatic immediacy that are lost in the summary, condensed manner characteristic of so much Silmarillion narrative writing; there are even to be discovered elements in the story that were later altogether lost. Thus, for example, the cross-examination of Beren and Felagund and their companions, disguised as Orcs, by Thû the Necromancer (the first appearance of Sauron), or the entry into the story of the appalling Tevildo, Prince of Cats, who clearly deserves to be remembered, short as was his literary life.

Lastly, I will cite another of my prefaces, that to The Children of Húrin (2007):

It is undeniable that there are a great many readers of The Lord of the Rings for whom the legends of the Elder Days are altogether unknown, unless by their repute as strange and inaccessible in mode and manner.

It is also undeniable that the volumes of The History of Middle-earth in question may well present a deterrent aspect. This is because my father’s mode of composition was intrinsically difficult: and a primary purpose of the History was to try to disentangle it: thereby (it may seem) exhibiting the tales of the Elder Days as a creation of unceasing fluidity.

I believe that he might have said, in explanation of some rejected element in a tale: I came to see that it was not like that; or, I realised that that was not the right name. The fluidity should not be exaggerated: there were nonetheless great, essential, permanences. But it was certainly my hope, in composing this book, that it would show how the creation of an ancient legend of Middle-earth, changing and growing over many years, reflected the search of the author for a presentation of the myth nearer to his desire.

In my letter to Rayner Unwin of 1981 I observed that in the event of my restricting myself to a single legend from among the legends that make up the Lost Tales ‘the difficulties of exposition in detail would in such a case be great, because one would have to explain so often what was happening elsewhere, in other unpublished writings’. This has proved an accurate prediction in the case of Beren and Lúthien. A solution of some sort must be achieved, for Beren and Lúthien did not live, love, and die, with their friends and foes, on an empty stage, alone and with no past. I have therefore followed my own solution in The Children of Húrin. In my preface to that book I wrote:

It seems unquestionable, from my father’s own words, that if he could achieve final and finished narratives on the scale he desired, he saw three ‘Great Tales’ of the Elder Days (Beren and Lúthien, the Children of Húrin, and the Fall of Gondolin) as works sufficiently complete in themselves as not to demand knowledge of the great body of legend known as The Silmarillion. On the other hand . . . the tale of the Children of Húrin is integral to the history of Elves and Men in the Elder Days, and there are necessarily a good many references to events and circumstances in that larger story.

I therefore gave ‘a very brief sketch of Beleriand and its peoples near the end of the Elder Days’, and I included ‘a list of all names occurring in the texts with very concise indications concerning each.’ In this book I have adopted from The Children of Húrin that brief sketch, adapting and shortening it, and I have likewise provided a list of all names occurring in the texts, in this case with explanatory indications of a very varied nature. None of this ancillary matter is essential, but is intended merely as an assistance if desired.

A further problem which I should mention arose from the very frequent changes of names. To follow with exactness and consistency the succession of names in texts of different dates would not serve the purpose of this book. I have therefore observed no rule in this respect, but distinguished old and new in some cases but not in others, for various reasons. In a great many cases my father would alter a name in a manuscript at some later, or even much later, time, but not consistently: for example, Elfin to Elven. In such cases I have made Elven the sole form, or Beleriand for earlier Broseliand; but in others I have retained both, as in Tinwelint/Thingol, Artanor/Doriath.

The purpose of this book, then, is altogether different from that of the volumes of The History of Middle-earth from which it is derived. It is emphatically not intended as an adjunct to those books. It is an attempt to extract one narrative element from a vast work of extraordinary richness and complexity; but that narrative, the story of Beren and Lúthien, was itself continually evolving, and developing new associations as it became more embedded in the wider history. The decision of what to include and what to exclude of that ancient world ‘at large’ could only be a matter of personal and often questionable judgement: in such an attempt there can be no attainable ‘correct way’. In general, however, I have erred on the side of clarity, and resisted the urge to explain, for fear of undermining the primary purpose and method of the book.

In my ninety-third year this is (presumptively) my last book in the long series of editions of my father’s writings, very largely previously unpublished, and is of a somewhat curious nature. This tale is chosen in memoriam because of its deeply-rooted presence in his own life, and his intense thought on the union of Lúthien, whom he called ‘the greatest of the Eldar’, and of Beren the mortal man, of their fates, and of their second lives.

It goes back a long way in my life, for it is my earliest actual recollection of some element in a story that was being told to me—not simply a remembered image of the scene of the storytelling. My father told it to me, or parts of it, speaking it without any writing, in the early 1930s.

The element in the story that I recall, in my mind’s eye, is that of the eyes of the wolves as they appeared one by one in the darkness of the dungeon of Thû.

In a letter to me on the subject of my mother, written in the year after her death, which was also the year before his own, he wrote of his overwhelming sense of bereavement, and of his wish to have Lúthien inscribed beneath her name on the grave. He returned in that letter, as in that cited on p. 29 of this book, to the origin of the tale of Beren and Lúthien in a small woodland glade filled with hemlock flowers near Roos in Yorkshire, where she danced; and he said: ‘But the story has gone crooked, and I am left, and I cannot plead before the inexorable Mandos.’

NOTES ON THE ELDER DAYS

The depth in time to which this story reaches back was memorably conveyed in a passage in The Lord of the Rings. At the great council in Rivendell Elrond spoke of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men and the defeat of Sauron at the end of the Second Age, more than three thousand years before:

Thereupon Elrond paused a while and sighed. ‘I remember well the splendour of their banners,’ he said. ‘It recalled to me the glory of the Elder Days and the hosts of Beleriand, so many great princes and captains were assembled. And yet not so many, nor so fair, as when Thangorodrim was broken, and the Elves deemed that evil was ended for ever, and it was not so.’

‘You remember?’ said Frodo, speaking his thought aloud in his astonishment. ‘But I thought,’ he stammered as Elrond turned towards him, ‘I thought that the fall of Gil-galad was a long age ago.’

‘So it was indeed,’ answered Elrond gravely. ‘But my memory reaches back even to the Elder Days. Eärendil was my sire, who was born in Gondolin before its fall; and my mother was Elwing, daughter of Dior, son of Lúthien of Doriath. I have seen three ages in the West of the world, and many defeats, and many fruitless victories.’

Of Morgoth

Morgoth, the Black Enemy, as he came to be called, was in his origin, as he declared to Húrin brought captive before him, ‘Melkor, first and mightiest of the Valar, who was before the world.’ Now become permanently incarnate, in form a gigantic and majestic, but terrible, King in the north-west of Middle-earth, he was physically present in his huge fortress of Angband, the Hells of Iron: the black reek that issued from the summits of Thangorodrim, the mountains that he piled above Angband, could be seen far off staining the northern sky. It is said in the Annals of Beleriand that ‘the gates of Morgoth were but one hundred and fifty leagues from the bridge of Menegroth; far and yet all too near.’ These words refer to the bridge leading to the dwellings of the Elvish king Thingol; they were called Menegroth, the Thousand Caves.

But being incarnate Morgoth was afraid. My father wrote of him:

‘As he grew in malice, and sent forth from himself the evil that he conceived in lies and creatures of wickedness, his power passed into them and was dispersed, and he himself became ever more earth-bound, unwilling to issue from his dark strongholds.’ Thus when Fingolfin, High King of the Noldorin Elves rode alone to Angband to challenge Morgoth to combat, he cried at the gate: Come forth, thou coward king, to fight with thine own hand! Den-dweller, wielder of thralls, liar and lurker, foe of Gods and Elves, come! For I would see thy craven face. Then (it is told) Morgoth came. For he could not refuse such a challenge before the face of his captains. He fought with the great hammer Grond, which at each blow made a great pit, and he beat Fingolfin to the ground; but as he died he pinned the great foot of Morgoth to the earth, and the black blood gushed forth and filled the pits of Grond. Morgoth went ever halt thereafter. So also, when Beren and Lúthien made their way into the deepest hall in Angband where Morgoth sat, Lúthien cast a spell on him; and suddenly he fell, as a hill sliding in avalanche, and hurled like thunder from his throne lay prone upon the floors of hell.

Of Beleriand

When Treebeard strode through the forest of Fangorn carrying Merry and Pippin each in the crook of his arm he sang to them of ancient forests in the great country of Beleriand, which was destroyed in the tumults of the Great Battle at the end of the Elder Days. The Great Sea poured in and drowned all the lands west of the Blue Mountains, called Ered Luin and Ered Lindon; so that the map accompanying The Silmarillion ends in the east with that mountain-chain, whereas the map accompanying The Lord of the Rings ends in the west, also with the Blue Mountains. The coastal lands beyond them on their western sides were all that remained in the Third Age of that country, called Ossiriand, Land of Seven Rivers, in which Treebeard once walked:

I wandered in Summer in the elm-woods of Ossiriand.

Ah! the light and the music in the Summer by the Seven Rivers of Ossir!

And I thought that was best.

It was over the passes of the Blue Mountains that Men entered Beleriand; in those mountains were the cities of the Dwarves, Nogrod and Belegost; and it was in Ossiriand that Beren and Lúthien dwelt after they were permitted by Mandos to return to Middle-earth (p. 235).

Treebeard walked also among the pine-trees of Dorthonion (‘Land of Pines’):

To the pine-trees upon the highland of Dorthonion I climbed in the Winter.

Ah! the wind and the whiteness and the black branches of Winter upon Orod-na-Thôn!

My voice went up and sang in the sky.

That country came afterwards to be called Taur-nu-Fuin, ‘the Forest under Night’, when Morgoth turned into ‘a region of dread and dark enchantment, of wandering and despair’ (see p. 107).

Of the Elves

The Elves appeared on earth far off in a distant land (Palisor) beside a lake named Cuiviénen, the Water of Awakening; and thence they were summoned by the Valar to leave Middle-earth, and passing over the Great Sea to come to the ‘Blessed Realm’ of Aman in the west of the world, the land of the Gods. Those who accepted the summons were led on a great march across Middle-earth by the Vala Oromë, the Hunter, and they are called the Eldar, the Elves of the Great Journey, the High Elves, distinct from those who, refusing the summons, chose Middle-earth for their land and their destiny.

But not all the Eldar, though they had crossed the Blue Mountains, departed over the sea; and those who remained in Beleriand are named the Sindar, the Grey Elves. Their high king was Thingol (which means ‘Grey-cloak’), who ruled from Menegroth, the Thousand Caves in Doriath (Artanor). And not all the Eldar who crossed the Great Sea remained in the land of the Valar; for one of their great kindreds, the Noldor (the ‘Loremasters’), returned to Middle-earth, and they are called the Exiles.

The prime mover in their rebellion against the Valar was Fëanor, maker of the Silmarils; he was the eldest son of Finwë, who had led the host of the Noldor from Cuiviénen, but was now dead. In my father’s words:

The Jewels were coveted by Morgoth the Enemy, who stole them and, after destroying the Trees, took them to Middle-earth, and guarded them in his great fortress of Thangorodrim. Against the will of the Valar Fëanor forsook the Blessed Realm and went in exile to Middle-earth, leading with him a great part of his people, for in his pride he purposed to recover the Jewels from Morgoth by force.

Thereafter followed the hopeless war of the Eldar and the Edain [the Men of the Three Houses of the Elf-friends] against Thangorodrim, in which they were at last utterly defeated.

Before their departure from Valinor there took place the dreadful event that marred the history of the Noldor in Middle-earth. Fëanor demanded of those Teleri, the third host of the Eldar on the Great Journey, who dwelt now on the coast of Aman, that they give up to the Noldor their fleet of ships, their great pride, for without ships the crossing to Middle-earth by such a host would not be possible. This the Teleri refused utterly.

Then Fëanor and his people attacked the Teleri in their city of Alqualondë, the Haven of the Swans, and took the fleet by force. In that battle, which was known as The Kinslaying, many of the Teleri were slain. This is referred to in The Tale of Tinúviel (p. 42): ‘the evil deeds of the Gnomes at the Haven of the Swans’, and see p. 130, lines 514–19.

Fëanor was slain in battle soon after the return of the Noldor to Middle-earth, and his seven sons held wide lands in the east of Beleriand, between Dorthonion (Taur-na-fuin) and the Blue Mountains.

The second son of Finwë was Fingolfin (the half-brother of Fëanor), who was held the overlord of all the Noldor; and he with his son Fingon ruled Hithlum, which lay to the north and west of the great chain of Ered Wethrin, the Mountains of Shadow. Fingolfin died in single combat with Morgoth. The second son of Fingolfin, the brother of Fingon, was Turgon, the founder and ruler of the hidden city of Gondolin.

The third son of Finwë, the brother of Fingolfin and half-brother of Fëanor, was in earlier texts Finrod, later Finarfin (see p. 104). The eldest son of Finrod/Finarfin was in earlier texts Felagund, but later Finrod; he, inspired by the magnificence and beauty of Menegroth in Doriath, founded the underground fortress-city of Nargothrond, for which he was named Felagund, ‘Lord of Caves’: thus earlier Felagund = later Finrod Felagund.

The doors of Nargothrond opened onto the gorge of the river Narog in West Beleriand; but Felagund’s realm extended far and wide, east to the river Sirion and west to the river Nenning that reached the sea at the haven of Eglarest. But Felagund was slain in the dungeons of Thû the Necromancer, later Sauron; and Orodreth, the second son of Finarfin, took the crown of Nargothrond, as told in this book (pp. 109, 120).

The other sons of Finarfin, Angrod and Egnor, vassals of their brother Finrod Felagund, dwelt on Dorthonion, looking northwards over the vast plain of Ard-galen. Galadriel, the sister of Finrod Felagund, dwelt long in Doriath with Melian the Queen. Melian (in early texts Gwendeling and other forms) was a Maia, a spirit of great power who took human form and dwelt in the forests of Beleriand with King Thingol: she was the mother of Lúthien and the foremother of Elrond.

In the sixtieth year after the return of the Noldor, ending many years of peace, a great host of Orcs came down from Angband, but was utterly defeated and destroyed by the Noldor. This was called Dagor Aglareb, the Glorious Battle; but the Elvish lords took warning from it, and set the Siege of Angband, which lasted for almost four hundred years.

The Siege of Angband ended with a terrible suddenness (though long prepared) on a night of midwinter. Morgoth released rivers of fire that ran down from Thangorodrim, and the great grassy plain of Ard-galen that lay to the north of Dorthonion was transformed into a parched and arid waste, known thereafter by a changed name, Anfauglith, the Gasping Dust.

This catastrophic assault was called Dagor Bragollach, the Battle of Sudden Flame (p. 106). Glaurung Father of Dragons emerged from Angband now for the first time in his full might; vast armies of Orcs poured southwards; the Elvish lords of Dorthonion were slain, and a great part of the warriors of Bëor’s people (pp. 105–6). King Fingolfin and his son Fingon were driven back with the warriors of Hithlum to the fortress of Eithel Sirion (Sirion’s Well), where the great river rose in the east face of the Mountains of Shadow. The torrents of fire were stopped by the Mountains of Shadow, and Hithlum and Dor-lómin remained unconquered.

It was in the year after the Bragollach that Fingolfin, in a fury of despair, rode to Angband and challenged Morgoth.

*

BEREN AND LÚTHIEN

IN A LETTER of my father’s written on the 16th of July 1964 he said:

The germ of my attempt to write legends of my own to fit my private languages was the tragic tale of the hapless Kullervo in the Finnish Kalevala. It remains a major matter in the legends of the First Age (which I hope to publish as The Silmarillion), though as ‘The Children of Húrin’ it is entirely changed except in the tragic ending. The second point was the writing, ‘out of my head’, of ‘The Fall of Gondolin’, the story of Idril and Earendel, during sick-leave from the army in 1917; and by the original version of the ‘Tale of Lúthien Tinúviel and Beren’ later in the same year. That was founded on a small wood with a great undergrowth of ‘hemlock’ (no doubt many other related plants were also there) near Roos in Holderness, where I was for a while on the Humber Garrison.

My father and mother were married in March 1916, when he was twenty-four and she was twenty-seven. They lived at first in the village of Great Haywood in Staffordshire; but he embarked for France and the Battle of the Somme early in June of that year. Taken ill, he was sent back to England at the beginning of November 1916; and in the spring of 1917 he was posted to Yorkshire.

This primary version of The Tale of Tinúviel, as he called it, written in 1917, does not exist—or more precisely, exists only in the ghostly form of a manuscript in pencil that he all but entirely erased for most of its length; over this he wrote the text that is for us the earliest version. The Tale of Tinúviel was one of the constituent stories of my father’s major early work of his ‘mythology’, The Book of Lost Tales, an exceedingly complex work which I edited in the first two volumes of The History of Middle-earth, 1983–4. But since the present book is expressly devoted to the evolution of the legend of Beren and Lúthien I will here very largely pass by the strange setting and audience of the Lost Tales, for The Tale of Tinúviel is in itself almost entirely independent of that setting.

Central to The Book of Lost Tales was the story of an English mariner of the ‘Anglo-Saxon’ period named Eriol or Ælfwine who, sailing far westwards over the ocean, came at last to Tol Eressëa, the Lonely Isle, where dwelt Elves who had departed from ‘the Great Lands’, afterwards ‘Middle-Earth’ (a term not used in the Lost Tales). During his sojourn in Tol Eressëa he learned from them the true and ancient history of the Creation, of the Gods, of the Elves, and of England. This history is ‘The Lost Tales of Elfinesse’.

The work is extant in a number of battered little ‘exercise books’ in ink and pencil, often formidably difficult to read, though after many hours of peering at the manuscript with a lens I was able, many years ago, to elucidate all the texts with only occasional unsolved words. The Tale of Tinúviel is one of the stories that was told to Eriol by the Elves in the Lonely Isle, in this case by a maiden named Vëannë: there were many children present at these story-tellings. Sharply observant of detail (a striking feature), it is told in an extremely individual style, with some archaisms of word and construction, altogether unlike my father’s later styles, intense, poetic, at times deeply ‘elvish-mysterious’. There is also an undercurrent of sardonic humour in the expression here and there (in the terrible confrontation with the demonic wolf Karkaras as she fled with Beren from Melko’s hall Tinúviel enquires ‘Wherefore this surliness, Karkaras?’).

Rather than awaiting the conclusion of the Tale I think it may be helpful to draw attention here to certain aspects of this earliest version of the legend, and to give brief explanations of some names important in the narrative (which are also to be found in the List of Names at the end of the book).

The Tale of Tinúviel in its rewritten form, which is the earliest form for us, was by no means the earliest of the Lost Tales, and light is shed on it by features in other Tales. To speak only of narrative structure, some of them, such as the tale of Túrin, are not very far removed from the version in the published Silmarillion; some, notably the Fall of Gondolin, the first to be written, is present in the published work only in a severely compressed form; and some, most remarkably the present Tale, are strikingly different in certain aspects.

A fundamental change in the evolution of the legend of Beren and Tinúviel (Lúthien) was the entry into it later of the story of Felagund of Nargothrond and the sons of Fëanor; but equally significant, in a different aspect, was the alteration in the identity of Beren. In the later versions of the legend it was an altogether essential element that Beren was a mortal man, whereas Lúthien was an immortal Elf; but this was not present in the Lost Tale: Beren, also, was an Elf. (It is seen, however, from my father’s notes to other Tales, that he was originally a Man; and it is clear that this was true also in the erased manuscript of The Tale of Tinúviel.) Beren the Elf was of the Elvish people named the Noldoli (later Noldor), which in the Lost Tales (and later) is translated ‘Gnomes’: Beren was a Gnome. This translation later became a problem for my father. He was using another word Gnome, wholly distinct in origin and meaning from those Gnomes who nowadays are small figures specially associated with gardens. This other Gnome was . . . from a Greek word gnōmē ‘thought, intelligence’; it barely survives in modern English, with the meaning ‘aphorism, maxim’, together with the adjective gnomic.

In a draft for Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings he wrote:

I have sometimes (not in this book) used ‘Gnomes’ for Noldor and ‘Gnomish’ for Noldorin. This I did, for to some ‘Gnome’ will still suggest knowledge. Now the High-elven name of this people, Noldor, signifies Those who Know; for of the three kindreds of the Eldar from their beginning the Noldor were ever distinguished, both by their knowledge of the things that are and were in this world, and by their desire to know more. Yet they in no way resembled the Gnomes either of learned theory or popular fancy; and I have now abandoned this rendering as too misleading.

(In passing, I would mention that he said also [in a letter of 1954] that he greatly regretted having used the word ‘Elves’, which has become ‘overloaded with regrettable tones’ that are ‘too much to overcome’.)

The hostility shown to Beren, as an Elf, is explained thus in the old Tale (p. 42): ‘all the Elves of the woodland thought of the Gnomes of Dor-lómin as treacherous creatures, cruel and faithless’.

It may well seem somewhat puzzling that the word ‘fairy, fairies’ is frequently used of Elves. Thus, of the white moths that flew in the woods ‘Tinúviel being a fairy minded them not’ (p. 41); she names herself ‘Princess of Fairies’ (p. 64); it is said of her (p. 72) that she ‘put forth her skill and fairy-magic’. In the first place, the word fairies in the Lost Tales is synonymous with Elves; and in those tales there are several references to the relative physical stature of Men and Elves. In those early days my father’s conceptions on such matters were somewhat fluctuating, but it is clear that he conceived a changing relation as the ages passed. Thus he wrote:

Men were almost of a stature at first with Elves, the fairies being far greater and Men smaller than now.

But the evolution of Elves was greatly influenced by the coming of Men:

Ever as Men wax more numerous and powerful so the fairies fade and grow small and tenuous, filmy and transparent, but Men larger and more dense and gross. At last Men, or almost Men, can no longer see the fairies.

There is thus no need to suppose, on account of the word, that my father thought of the ‘Fairies’ of this tale as filmy and transparent; and of course years later, when the Elves of the Third Age had entered the history of Middle-earth, there was nothing ‘fairylike’, in the modern sense, about them.

The word fay is more obscure. In The Tale of Tinúviel it is used frequently of Melian (the mother of Lúthien), who came from Valinor (and is called [p. 40] ‘a daughter of the Gods’), but also of Tevildo, who was said to be ‘an evil fay in beastlike shape’ (p. 69). Elsewhere in the Tales there are references to ‘the wisdom of fays and of Eldar’, to ‘Orcs and dragons and evil fays’, and to ‘a fay of the woods and dells’. Most notable perhaps is the following passage from the Tale of the Coming of the Valar:

About them fared a great host who are the sprites [spirits] of trees and woods, of dale and forest and mountain-side, or those that sing amid the grass at morning and chant among the standing corn at eve. These are the Nermir and the Tavari, Nandini and Orossi [fays (?) of the meads, of the woods, of the valleys, of the mountains], fays, pixies, leprawns, and what else are they not called, for their number is very great; yet must they not be confused with the Eldar [Elves], for they were born before the world, and are older than its oldest, and are not of it.

Another puzzling feature, appearing not only in The Tale of Tinúviel, of which I have found no explanation, nor any more general observation, concerns the power that the Valar possess over the affairs of Men and Elves, and indeed over their minds and hearts, in the far distant Great Lands (Middle-earth). To give examples: on p. 78 ‘the Valar brought [Huan] to a glade’ where Beren and Lúthien were lying on the ground in their flight from Angband; and she said to her father (p. 82): ‘The Valar alone saved [Beren] from a bitter death’. Or again, in the account of Lúthien’s flight from Doriath (p. 57), ‘she entered not that dark region, and regaining heart pressed on’ was later changed to ‘she entered not that dark region, and the Valar set a new hope in her heart, so that she pressed on once more.’

As regards the names that appear in the Tale, I will note here that Artanor corresponds to later Doriath and was also called The Land Beyond; to the north lay the barrier of the Iron Mountains, also called the Bitter Hills, over which Beren came: afterwards they became Ered Wethrin, the Mountains of Shadow. Beyond the mountains lay Hisilómë (Hithlum) the Land of Shadow, also called Dor-lómin. Palisor (p. 37) is the land where the Elves awoke.

The Valar are often referred to as the Gods, and are called also the Ainur (singular Ainu). Melko (later Melkor) is the great evil Vala, called Morgoth, the Black Foe, after his theft of the Silmarils. Mandos is the name both of the Vala and the place of his abode. He is the keeper of the Houses of the Dead.

Manwë is the lord of the Valar; Varda, maker of the stars, is the spouse of Manwë and dwells with him on the summit of Taniquetil, the highest mountain of Arda. The Two Trees are the great trees whose flowers gave light to Valinor, destroyed by Morgoth and the monstrous spider Ungoliant.

Lastly, this is a convenient place to say something of the Silmarils, fundamental to the legend of Beren and Lúthien: they were the work of Fëanor, greatest of the Noldor: ‘the mightiest in skill of word and of hand’; his name means ‘Spirit of Fire’. I will quote here a passage from the later (1930) ‘Silmarillion’ text entitled Quenta Noldorinwa, on which see p. 103.

In those far days Fëanor began on a time a long and marvellous labour, and all his power and all his subtle magic he called upon, for he purposed to make a thing more fair than any of the Eldar yet had made, that should last beyond the end of all. Three jewels he made, and named them Silmarils. A living fire burned within them that was blended of the light of the Two Trees; of their own radiance they shone even in the dark; no mortal flesh impure could touch them, but was withered and was scorched. These jewels the Elves prized beyond all the works of their hands, and Manwë hallowed them, and Varda said: ‘The fate of the Elves is locked herein, and the fate of many things beside.’ The heart of Fëanor was wound about the things he himself had made.

A terrible and deeply destructive oath was sworn by Fëanor and his seven sons in assertion of their sole and inviolable right to the Silmarils, which were stolen by Morgoth.

Vëannë’s tale was expressly addressed to Eriol (Ælfwine), who had never heard of Tinúviel, but as she tells it there is no formal opening: she begins with an account of Tinwelint and Gwendeling (afterwards known as Thingol and Melian). I will however turn again to the Quenta Noldorinwa for this essential element in the legend. In the Tale the formidable Tinwelint (Thingol) is a central figure: the king of the Elves who dwelt in the deep woodlands of Artanor, ruling from his vast cavern in the heart of the forest. But the queen was also a personage of great significance, although seldom seen, and I give here the account of her given in the Quenta Noldorinwa.

In this it is told that on the Great Journey of the Elves from far off Palisor, the place of their awakening, with the ultimate goal of reaching Valinor in the far West beyond the great Ocean

[many Elves] were lost upon the long dark roads, and they wandered in the woods and mountains of the world, and never came to Valinor, nor saw the light of the Two Trees. Therefore they are called Ilkorindi, the Elves that dwelt never in Kôr, the city of the Eldar [Elves] in the land of the Gods. The Dark-elves are they, and many are their scattered tribes, and many are their tongues.

Of the Dark-elves the chief in renown was Thingol. For this reason he came never to Valinor. Melian was a fay. In the gardens of [the Vala] Lórien she dwelt, and among all his fair folk none were there that surpassed her beauty, nor none more wise, nor none more skilled in magical and enchanting song. It is told that the Gods would leave their business and the birds of Valinor their mirth, that Valmar’s bells were silent, and the fountains ceased to flow, when at the mingling of the light Melian sang in the gardens of the God of Dreams. Nightingales went always with her, and their song she taught them. But she loved deep shadow, and strayed on long journeys into the Outer Lands [Middle-earth], and there filled the silence of the dawning world with her voice and the voices of her birds.

The nightingales of Melian Thingol heard and was enchanted and left his folk. Melian he found beneath the trees and was cast into a dream and a great slumber, so that his people sought him in vain.

In Vëannë’s account, when Tinwelint awoke from his mythically long sleep ‘he thought no more of his people (and indeed it had been vain, for long now had those reached Valinor)’, but desired only to see the lady of the twilight. She was not far off, for she had watched over him as he slept. ‘But more of their story I know not, O Eriol, save that in the end she became his wife, for Tinwelint and Gwendeling very long indeed were king and queen of the Lost Elves of Artanor or the Land Beyond, or so it is said here.’

Vëannë said further that the dwelling of Tinwelint ‘was hidden from the vision and knowledge of Melko by the magics of Gwendeling the fay, and she wove spells about the paths thereto that none but the Eldar [Elves] might tread them easily, and so was the king secured from all dangers save it be treachery alone. Now his halls were builded in a deep cavern of great size, and they were nonetheless a kingly and a fair abode. This cavern was in the heart of the mighty forest of Artanor that is the mightiest of forests, and a stream ran before its doors, but none could enter that portal save across the stream, and a bridge spanned it narrow and well guarded.’ Then Vëannë exclaimed: ‘Lo, now I will tell you of things that happened in the halls of Tinwelint’; and this seems to be the point at which the tale proper can be said to begin.

THE TALE OF TINÚVIEL

Two children had Tinwelint then, Dairon and Tinúviel, and Tinúviel was a maiden, and the most beautiful of all the maidens of the hidden Elves, and indeed few have been so fair, for her mother was a fay, a daughter of the Gods; but Dairon was then a boy strong and merry, and above all things he delighted to play upon a pipe of reeds or other woodland instruments, and he is named now among the three most magic players of the Elves, and the others are Tinfang Warble and Ivárë who plays beside the sea. But Tinúviel’s joy was rather in the dance, and no names are set with hers for the beauty and subtlety of her twinkling feet.

Now it was the delight of Dairon and Tinúviel to fare away from the cavernous palace of Tinwelint their father and together spend long time amid the trees. There often would Dairon sit upon a tussock or a tree-root and make music while Tinúviel danced thereto, and when she danced to the playing of Dairon more lissom was she than Gwendeling, more magical than Tinfang Warble neath the moon, nor may any see such lilting save be it only in the rose gardens of Valinor where Nessa dances on the lawns of never-fading green.

Even at night when the moon shone pale still would they play and dance, and they were not afraid as I should be, for the rule of Tinwelint and of Gwendeling held evil from the woods and Melko troubled them not as yet, and Men were hemmed beyond the hills.

Now the place that they loved the most was a shady spot, and elms grew there, and beech too, but these were not very tall, and some chestnut trees there were with white flowers, but the ground was moist and a great misty growth of hemlocks rose beneath the trees. On a time of June they were playing there, and the white umbels of the hemlocks were like a cloud about the boles of the trees, and there Tinúviel danced until the evening faded late, and there were many white moths abroad. Tinúviel being a fairy minded them not as many of the children of Men do, although she loved not beetles, and spiders will none of the Eldar touch because of Ungweliantë—but now the white moths flittered about her head and Dairon trilled an eerie tune, when suddenly that strange thing befell.

Never have I heard how Beren came thither over the hills; yet was he braver than most, as thou shalt hear, and ’twas the love of wandering maybe alone that had sped him through the terrors of the Iron Mountains until he reached the Lands Beyond.

Now Beren was a Gnome, son of Egnor the forester who hunted in the darker places in the north of Hisilómë. Dread and suspicion was between the Eldar and those of their kindred that had tasted the slavery of Melko, and in this did the evil deeds of the Gnomes at the Haven of the Swans revenge itself. Now the lies of Melko ran among Beren’s folk so that they believed evil things of the secret Elves, yet now did he see Tinúviel dancing in the twilight, and Tinúviel was in a silver-pearly dress, and her bare white feet were twinkling among the hemlock-stems. Then Beren cared not whether she were Vala or Elf or child of Men and crept near to see; and he leant against a young elm that grew upon a mound so that he might look down into the little glade where she was dancing, for the enchantment made him faint. So slender was she and so fair that at length he stood heedlessly in the open the better to gaze upon her, and at that moment the full moon came brightly through the boughs and Dairon caught sight of Beren’s face. Straightway did he perceive that he was none of their folk, and all the Elves of the woodland thought of the Gnomes of Dor-lómin as treacherous creatures, cruel and faithless, wherefore Dairon dropped his instrument and crying ‘Flee, flee, O Tinúviel, an enemy walks this wood’ he was gone swiftly through the trees. Then Tinúviel in her amaze followed not straightway, for she understood not his words at once, and knowing she could not run or leap so hardily as her brother she slipped suddenly down among the white hemlocks and hid herself beneath a very tall flower with many spreading leaves; and here she looked in her white raiment like a spatter of moonlight shimmering through the leaves upon the floor.

Then Beren was sad, for he was lonely and was grieved at their fright, and he looked for Tinúviel everywhere about, thinking her not fled. Thus suddenly did he lay his hand upon her slender arm beneath the leaves, and with a cry she started away from him and flitted as fast as she could in the wan light, darting and wavering in the moonbeams as only the Eldar can, in and about the tree-trunks and the hemlock-stalks. The tender touch of her arm made Beren yet more eager than before to find her, and he followed swiftly and yet not swiftly enough, for in the end she escaped him, and reached the dwellings of her father in fear; nor did she dance alone in the woods for many a day after.

This was a great sorrow to Beren, who would not leave those places, hoping to see that fair elven maiden dance yet again, and he wandered in the wood growing wild and lonely for many a day and searching for Tinúviel. By dawn and dusk he sought her, but ever more hopefully when the moon shone bright. At last one night he caught a sparkle afar off, and lo, there she was dancing alone on a little treeless knoll and Dairon was not there. Often and often she came there after and danced and sang to herself, and sometimes Dairon would be nigh, and then Beren watched from the wood’s edge afar, and sometimes he was away and Beren crept then closer. Indeed for long Tinúviel knew of his coming and feigned otherwise, and for long her fear had departed by reason of the wistful hunger of his face lit by the moonlight; and she saw that he was kind and in love with her beautiful dancing.

Then Beren took to following Tinúviel secretly through the woods even to the entrance of the cave and the bridge’s head, and when she was gone in he would cry across the stream, softly saying ‘Tinúviel’, for he had caught the name from Dairon’s lips; and although he knew it not Tinúviel often hearkened from within the shadows of the cavernous doors and laughed softly or smiled. At length one day as she danced alone he stepped out more boldly and said to her: ‘Tinúviel, teach me to dance.’ ‘Who art thou?’ said she. ‘Beren. I am from across the Bitter Hills.’ ‘Then if thou wouldst dance, follow me,’ said the maiden, and she danced before Beren away, and away into the woods, nimbly and yet not so fast that he could not follow, and ever and anon she would look back and laugh at him stumbling after, saying ‘Dance, Beren, dance! as they dance beyond the Bitter Hills!’ In this way they came by winding paths to the abode of Tinwelint, and Tinúviel beckoned Beren beyond the stream, and he followed her wondering down into the cave and the deep halls of her home.

When however Beren found himself before the king he was abashed, and of the stateliness of Queen Gwendeling he was in great awe, and behold when the king said: ‘Who art thou that stumbleth into my halls unbidden?’ he had nought to say. Tinúviel answered therefore for him, saying: ‘This, my father, is Beren, a wanderer from beyond the hills, and he would learn to dance as the elves of Artanor can dance,’ and she laughed, but the king frowned when he heard whence Beren came, and he said: ‘Put away thy light words, my child, and say has this wild Elf of the shadows sought to do thee any harm?’

‘Nay, father,’ said she, ‘and I think there is not evil in his heart at all, and be thou not harsh with him, unless thou desirest to see thy daughter Tinúviel weep, for more wonder has he at my dancing than any that I have known.’ Therefore said Tinwelint now: ‘O Beren son of the Noldoli, what does thou desire of the Elves of the wood ere thou returnest whence thou camest?’

So great was the amazed joy of Beren’s heart when Tinúviel spake thus for him to her father that his courage rose within him, and his adventurous spirit that had brought him out of Hisilómë and over the Mountains of Iron awoke again, and looking boldly upon Tinwelint he said: ‘Why, O king, I desire thy daughter Tinúviel, for she is the fairest and most sweet of all maidens I have seen or dreamed of.’

Then was there a silence in the hall, save that Dairon laughed, and all who heard were astounded, but Tinúviel cast down her eyes, and the king glancing at the wild and rugged aspect of Beren burst also into laughter, whereat Beren flushed for shame, and Tinúviel’s heart was sore for him. ‘Why! wed my Tinúviel fairest of the maidens of the world, and become a prince of the woodland Elves—’tis but a little boon for a stranger to ask,’ quoth Tinwelint. ‘Haply I may with right ask somewhat in return. Nothing great shall it be, a token only of thy esteem. Bring me a Silmaril from the Crown of Melko, and that day Tinúviel weds thee, an she will.’

Then all in that place knew that the king treated the matter as an uncouth jest, having pity on the Gnome, and they smiled, for the fame of the Silmarils of Fëanor was now great throughout the world, and the Noldoli had told tales of them, and many that had escaped from Angamandi had seen them now blazing lustrous in the iron crown of Melko. Never did this crown leave his head, and he treasured those jewels as his eyes, and no one in the world, or fay or elf or man, could hope ever to set finger even on them and live. This indeed did Beren know, and he guessed the meaning of their mocking smiles, and aflame with anger he cried; ‘Nay, but ’tis too small a gift to the father of so sweet a bride. Strange nonetheless seem to me the customs of the woodland Elves, like to the rude laws of the folk of Men, that thou shouldst name the gift unoffered, yet lo! I Beren, a huntsman of the Noldoli, will fulfil thy small desire,’ and with that he burst from the hall while all stood astonished; but Tinúviel wept suddenly. ‘’Twas ill done, O my father,’ she cried, ‘to send one to his death with thy sorry jesting—for now methinks he will attempt the deed, being maddened by thy scorn, and Melko will slay him, and none will look ever again with such love upon my dancing.’

Then said the king: ‘’Twill not be the first of Gnomes that Melko has slain and for less reason. It is well for him that he lies not bound here in grievous spells for his trespass in my halls and for his insolent speech’; yet Gwendeling said nought, neither did she chide Tinúviel or question her sudden weeping for this unknown wanderer.

Beren however going from before the face of Tinwelint was carried by his wrath far through the woods, until he drew nigh to the lower hills and treeless lands that warned of the approach of the bleak Iron Mountains. Only then did he feel his weariness and stay his march, and thereafter did his greater travails begin. Nights of deep despondency were his and he saw no hope whatever in his quest, and indeed there was little, and soon, as he followed the Iron Mountains till he drew nigh to the terrible regions of Melko’s abode, the greatest fears assailed him. Many poisonous snakes were in those places and wolves roamed about, and more fearsome still were the wandering bands of the goblins and the Orcs—foul broodlings of Melko who fared abroad doing his evil work, snaring and capturing beasts, and Men, and Elves, and dragging them to their lord.

Many times was Beren near to capture by the Orcs, and once he escaped the jaws of a great wolf only after a combat wherein he was armed but with an ashen club, and other perils and adventures did he know each day of his wandering to Angamandi. Hunger and thirst too tortured him often, and often he would have turned back had not that been well nigh as perilous as going on; but the voice of Tinúviel pleading with Tinwelint echoed in his heart, and at night time it seemed to him that his heart heard her sometimes weeping softly for him far away in the woodlands of her home: and this was indeed true.

One day he was driven by great hunger to search amid a deserted camping of some Orcs for scraps of food, but some of these returned unawares and took him prisoner, and they tormented him but did not slay him, for their captain seeing his strength, worn though he was with hardships, thought that Melko might perchance be pleasured if he was brought before him and might set him to some heavy thrall-work in his mines or in his smithies. So came it that Beren was dragged before Melko, and he bore a stout heart within him nonetheless, for it was a belief among his father’s kindred that the power of Melko would not abide for ever, but the Valar would hearken at last to the tears of the Noldoli, and would arise and bind Melko and open Valinor once more to the weary Elves, and great joy should come back upon Earth.

Melko however looking upon him was wroth, asking how a Gnome, a thrall by birth of his, had dared to fare away into the woods unbidden, but Beren answered that he was no runagate but came of a kindred of Gnomes that dwelt in Aryador and mingled much there among the folk of Men. Then was Melko yet more angry, for he sought ever to destroy the friendship and intercourse of Elves and Men, and said that evidently here was a plotter of deep treacheries against Melko’s lordship, and one worthy of the tortures of the Balrogs; but Beren seeing his peril answered: ‘Think not, O most mighty Ainu Melko, Lord of the World, that this can be true, for if it were then should I not be here unaided and alone. No friendship has Beren son of Egnor for the kindred of Men; nay indeed, wearying utterly of the lands infested by that folk he has wandered out of Aryador. Many a great tale has my father made to me aforetime of thy splendour and glory, wherefore, albeit I am no renegade thrall, I do desire nothing so much as to serve thee in what small manner I may,’ and Beren said therewith that he was a great trapper of small animals and a snarer of birds, and had become lost in the hills in these pursuits until after much wandering he had come into strange lands, and even had not the Orcs seized him he would indeed have had no other rede of safety but to approach the majesty of Ainu Melko and beg him to grant him some humble office—as a winner of meats for his table perchance.

Now the Valar must have inspired that speech, or perchance it was a spell of cunning words cast on him in compassion by Gwendeling, for indeed it saved his life, and Melko marking his hardy frame believed him, and was willing to accept him as a thrall of his kitchens. Flattery savoured ever sweet in the nostrils of that Ainu, and for all his unfathomed wisdom many a lie of those whom he despised deceived him, were they clothed sweetly in words of praise; therefore now he gave orders for Beren to be made a thrall of Tevildo Prince of Cats. Now Tevildo was a mighty cat—the mightiest of all—and possessed of an evil sprite, as some say, and he was in Melko’s constant following; and that cat had all cats subject to him, and he and his subjects were the chasers and getters of meat for Melko’s table and for his frequent feasts. Wherefore is it that there is hatred still between the Elves and all cats even now when Melko rules no more, and his beasts are become of little account.

When therefore Beren was led away to the halls of Tevildo, and these were not utterly distant from the place of Melko’s throne, he was much afraid, for he had not looked for such a turn in things, and those halls were ill-lighted and were full of growling and of monstrous purrings in the dark.

All about shone cats’ eyes glowing like green lamps or red or yellow where Tevildo’s thanes sat waving and lashing their beautiful tails, but Tevildo himself sat at their head and he was a mighty cat and coal-black and evil to look upon. His eyes were long and very narrow and slanted, and gleamed both red and green, but his great grey whiskers were as stout and as sharp as needles. His purr was like the roll of drums and his growl like thunder, but when he yelled in wrath it turned the blood cold, and indeed small beasts and birds were frozen as to stone, or dropped lifeless often at the very sound. Now Tevildo seeing Beren narrowed his eyes until they seemed to shut, and said: ‘I smell dog’, and he took dislike to Beren from that moment. Now Beren had been a lover of hounds in his own wild home.

‘Why,’ said Tevildo, ‘do ye dare to bring such a creature before me, unless perchance it is to make meat of him?’ But those who led Beren said: ‘Nay, ’twas the word of Melko that this unhappy Elf wear out his life as a catcher of beasts and birds in Tevildo’s employ.’ Then indeed did Tevildo screech in scorn and said: ‘Then in sooth was my lord asleep or his thoughts were settled elsewhere, for what use think ye is a child of the Eldar to aid the Prince of Cats and his thanes in the catching of birds or of beasts—as well had ye brought some clumsy-footed Man, for none are there either of Elves or Men that can vie with us in our pursuit.’ Nonetheless he set Beren to a test, and he bade him go catch three mice, ‘for my hall is infested with them,’ said he. This indeed was not true, as might be imagined, yet a certain few there were—a very wild, evil, and magic kind that dared to dwell there in dark holes, but they were larger than rats and very fierce, and Tevildo harboured them for his own private sport and suffered not their numbers to dwindle.

Three days did Beren hunt them, but having nothing wherewith to devise a trap (and indeed he did not lie to Melko saying that he had cunning in such contrivances) he hunted in vain getting nothing better than a bitten finger for all his labour. Then was Tevildo scornful and in great anger, but Beren got no harm of him or his thanes at that time because of Melko’s bidding other than a few scratches. Evil however were his days thereafter in the dwellings of Tevildo. They made him a scullion, and his days passed miserably in the washing of floors and vessels, in the scrubbing of tables and the hewing of wood and the drawing of water. Often too he would be set to the turning of spits whereon birds and fat mice were daintily roasted for the cats, yet seldom did he get food or sleep himself, and he became haggard and unkempt, and wished often that never straying out of Hisilómë he had not even caught sight of the vision of Tinúviel.

Now that fair maiden wept for a very great while after Beren’s departure and danced no more about the woods, and Dairon grew angry and could not understand her, but she had grown to love the face of Beren peeping through the branches and the crackle of his feet as they followed her through the wood; and his voice that called wistfully ‘Tinúviel, Tinúviel’ across the stream before her father’s doors she longed to hear again, and she would not now dance when Beren was fled to the evil halls of Melko and maybe had already perished. So bitter did this thought become at last that that most tender maiden went to her mother, for to her father she dared not go nor even suffer him to see her weep.

‘O Gwendeling, my mother,’ said she, ‘tell me of thy magic, if thou canst, how doth Beren fare. Is all yet well with him?’ ‘Nay,’ said Gwendeling. ‘He lives indeed, but in an evil captivity, and hope is dead in his heart, for behold, he is a slave in the power of Tevildo Prince of Cats.’

‘Then,’ said Tinúviel, ‘I must go and succour him, for none else do I know that will.’

Now Gwendeling laughed not, for in many matters she was wise, and forewise, yet it was a thing unthought in a mad dream that any Elf, still less a maiden, the daughter of the king, should fare untended to the halls of Melko, even in those earlier days before the Battle of Tears when Melko’s power had not grown great and he veiled his designs and spread his net of lies. Wherefore did Gwendeling softly bid her not to speak such folly; but Tinúviel said: ‘Then must thou plead with my father for aid, that he send warriors to Angamandi and demand the freedom of Beren from Ainu Melko.’

This indeed did Gwendeling do, of love for her daughter, and so wroth was Tinwelint that Tinúviel wished that never had her desire been made known; and Tinwelint bade her nor speak nor think of Beren more, and swore he would slay him an he trod those halls again. Now then Tinúviel pondered much what she might do, and going to Dairon she begged him to aid her, or indeed to fare away with her to Angamandi an he would; but Dairon thought with little love of Beren, and he said: ‘Wherefore should I go into the direst peril that there is in the world for the sake of a wandering Gnome of the woods? Indeed I have no love for him, for he has destroyed our play together, our music and our dancing.’ But Dairon moreover told the king of what Tinúviel had desired of him—and this he did not of ill intent but fearing lest Tinúviel fare away to her death in the madness of her heart.

Now when Tinwelint heard this he called Tinúviel and said: ‘Wherefore, O maiden of mine, does thou not put this folly away from thee, and seek to do my bidding?’ But Tinúviel would not answer, and the king bade her promise him that neither would she think more on Beren, nor would she seek in her folly to follow after him to the evil lands whether alone or tempting any of his folk with her. But Tinúviel said that the first she would not promise and the second only in part, for she would not tempt any of the folk of the woodlands to go with her.

Then was her father mightily angry, and beneath his anger not a little amazed and afraid, for he loved Tinúviel; but this was the plan he devised, for he might not shut his daughter for ever in the caverns where only a dim and flickering light ever came. Now above the portals of his cavernous hall was a steep slope falling to the river, and there grew mighty beeches; and one there was that was named Hirilorn, the Queen of Trees, for she was very mighty, and so deeply cloven was her bole that it seemed as if three shafts sprang from the ground together and they were of like size, round and straight, and their grey rind was smooth as silk, unbroken by branch or twig for a very great height above men’s heads.

Now Tinwelint let build high up in that strange tree, as high as men could fashion their longest ladders to reach, a little house of wood, and it was above the first branches and was sweetly veiled in leaves. Now that house had three corners and three windows in each wall, and at each corner was one of the shafts of Hirilorn. There then did Tinwelint bid Tinúviel dwell until she would consent to be wise, and when she fared up the ladders of tall pine these were taken from beneath and no way had she to get down again. All that she required was brought to her, and folk would scale the ladders and give her food or whatever else she wished for, and then descending again take away the ladders, and the king promised death to any who left one leaning against the tree or who should try by stealth to place one there at night. A guard therefore was set nigh the tree’s foot, and yet came Dairon often thither in sorrow at what he had brought to pass, for he was lonely without Tinúviel; but Tinúviel had at first much pleasure in her house among the leaves, and would gaze out of her little window while Dairon made his sweetest melodies beneath.

But one night a dream of the Valar came to Tinúviel and she dreamt of Beren, and her heart said: ‘Let me be gone to seek him whom all others have forgot’; and waking, the moon was shining through the trees, and she pondered very deeply how she might escape. Now Tinúviel daughter of Gwendeling was not ignorant of magics or of spells, as may well be believed, and after much thought she devised a plan. The next day she asked those who came to her to bring, if they would, some of the clearest water of the stream below, ‘but this,’ she said, ‘must be drawn at midnight in a silver bowl, and brought to my hand with no word spoken,’ and after that she desired wine to be brought, ‘but this,’ she said, ‘must be borne hither in a flagon of gold at noon, and he who brings it must sing as he comes,’ and they did as they were bid, but Tinwelint was not told.

Then said Tinúviel, ‘Go now to my mother and say to her that her daughter desires a spinning wheel to pass her weary hours,’ but Dairon secretly she begged fashion her a tiny loom, and he did this even in the little house of Tinúviel in the tree. ‘But wherewith will you spin and wherewith weave?’ said he; and Tinúviel answered: ‘With spells and magics,’ but Dairon knew not her design, nor said more to the king or to Gwendeling.

Now Tinúviel took the wine and water when she was alone, and singing a very magic song the while, she mingled them together, and as they lay in the bowl of gold she sang a song of growth, and as they lay in the bowl of silver she sang another song, and the names of all the tallest and longest things upon Earth were set in that song; the beards of the Indravangs, the tail of Karkaras, the body of Glorund, the bole of Hirilorn, and the sword of Nan she named, nor did she forget the chain Angainu that Aulë and Tulkas made or the neck of Gilim the giant, and last and longest of all she spake of the hair of Uinen the lady of the sea that is spread through all the waters. Then did she lave her head with the mingled water and wine, and as she did so she sang a third song, a song of uttermost sleep, and the hair of Tinúviel which was dark and finer than the most delicate threads of twilight began suddenly to grow very fast indeed, and after twelve hours had passed it nigh filled the little room, and then Tinúviel was very pleased and she lay down to rest; and when she awoke the room was full as with a black mist and she was deep hidden under it, and lo! her hair was trailing out of the windows and blowing about the tree boles in the morning. Then with difficulty she found her little shears and cut the threads of that growth nigh to her head, and after that her hair grew only as it was wont before.

Then was the labour of Tinúviel begun, and though she laboured with the deftness of an Elf long was the spinning and longer weaving still, and did any come and hail her from below she bid them be gone, saying: ‘I am abed, and desire only to sleep,’ and Dairon was much amazed, and called often up to her, but she did not answer.

Now of that cloudy hair Tinúviel wove a robe of misty black soaked with drowsiness more magical far than even that one that her mother had worn and danced in long ago, and therewith she covered her garments of shimmering white, and magic slumbers filled the air about her; but of what remained she twisted a mighty strand, and this she fastened to the bole of the tree within her house, and then was her labour ended, and she looked out of her window westward to the river. Already the sunlight was fading in the trees, and as dusk filled the woods she began a song very soft and low, and as she sang she cast out her long hair from the window so that its slumbrous mist touched the heads and faces of the guards below, and they listening to her voice fell suddenly into a fathomless sleep. Then did Tinúviel clad in her garments of darkness slip down that rope of hair light as a squirrel, and away she danced to the bridge, and before the bridgewards could cry out she was among them dancing; and as the hem of her black robe touched them they fell asleep, and Tinúviel fled very far away as fast as her dancing feet would flit.

Now when the escape of Tinúviel reached the ears of Tinwelint great was his mingled grief and wrath, and all his court was in uproar, and all the woods ringing with the search, but Tinúviel was already far away drawing nigh to the gloomy foothills where the Mountains of Night begin; and ’tis said that Dairon following after her became utterly lost, and came never back to Elfinesse, but turned towards Palisor, and there plays subtle magic musics still, wistful and lonely in the woods and forests of the south.

Yet ere long as Tinúviel went forward a sudden dread overtook her at the thought of what she had dared to do and what lay before; then did she turn back for a while, and she wept, wishing Dairon were with her, and it is said that he indeed was not far off, but was wandering lost in the great pines, the Forest of Night, where afterward Túrin slew Beleg by mishap.

Nigh was Tinúviel now to those places, but she entered not that dark region, and regaining heart pressed on, and by reason of the greater magic of her being and because of the spell of wonder and of sleep that fared about her no such dangers assailed her as did Beren before; yet was it a long and evil and weary journey for a maiden to tread.

Now is it to be told that in those days Tevildo had but one trouble in the world, and that was the kindred of the Dogs. Many indeed of these were neither friends nor foes of the Cats, for they had become subject to Melko and were as savage and cruel as any of his animals; indeed from the most cruel and most savage he bred the race of wolves, and they were very dear indeed to him. Was it not the great grey wolf Karkaras Knife-fang, father of wolves, who guarded the gates of Angamandi in those days and long had done so? Many were there however who would neither bow to Melko nor live wholly in fear of him, but dwelt either in the dwellings of Men and guarded them from much evil that had otherwise befallen them, or roamed the woods of Hisilómë or passing the mountainous places fared even at times into the region of Artanor and the lands beyond and to the south.

Did ever any of these view Tevildo or any of his thanes or subjects, then there was a great baying and a mighty chase, and albeit seldom was any cat slain by reason of their skill in climbing and in hiding and because of the protecting might of Melko, yet was great enmity between them, and some of those hounds were held in dread among the cats. None however did Tevildo fear, for he was as strong as any among them, and more agile and more swift save only than Huan Captain of Dogs. So swift was Huan that on a time he had tasted the fur of Tevildo, and though Tevildo had paid him for that with a gash from his great claws, yet was the pride of the Prince of Cats unappeased and he lusted to do a great harm to Huan of the Dogs.

Great therefore was the good fortune that befell Tinúviel in meeting with Huan in the woods, although at first she was mortally afraid and fled. But Huan overtook her in two leaps, and speaking soft and deep the tongue of the Lost Elves he bid her be not afraid, and ‘Wherefore,’ said he, ‘do I see an Elven maiden, and one most fair, wandering alone so nigh to the abodes of the Ainu of Evil? Knowest thou not that these are very evil places to be in, little one, even with a companion, and they are death to the lonely?’

‘That know I,’ said she, ‘and I am not here for the love of wayfaring, but I seek only Beren.’

‘What knowest thou then,’ said Huan, ‘of Beren—or indeed meanest thou Beren son of the huntsman of the Elves, Egnor bo-Rimion, a friend of mine since very ancient days?’

‘Nay, I know not even whether my Beren be thy friend, for I seek only Beren from beyond the Bitter Hills, whom I knew in the woods near to my father’s home. Now is he gone, and my mother Gwendeling says of her wisdom that he is a thrall in the cruel house of Tevildo Prince of Cats; and whether this be true or yet worse be now befallen him I do not know, and I go to discover him—though plan I have none.’

‘Then will I make thee one,’ said Huan, ‘but do thou trust in me, for I am Huan of the Dogs, chief foe of Tevildo. Rest thee now with me a while within the shadows of the wood, and I will think deeply.’

Then Tinúviel did as he said, and indeed she slept long while Huan watched, for she was very weary. But after a while awakening she said: ‘Lo, I have tarried over long. Come, what is thy thought, O Huan?’

And Huan said: ‘A dark and difficult matter is this, and no other rede can I devise but this. Creep now if thou hast the heart to the abiding place of that Prince while the sun is high, and Tevildo and the most of his household drowze upon the terraces before his gates. There discover in what manner thou mayst whether Beren be indeed within, as thy mother said to thee. Now I will lie not far hence in the woods, and thou wilt do me a pleasure and aid thy own desires if going before Tevildo, be Beren there or be he not, thou tellest him how thou hast stumbled upon Huan of the Dogs lying sick in the woods at this place. Do not indeed direct him hither, for thou must guide him, if it may be, thyself. Then wilt thou see what I contrive for thee and for Tevildo. Methinks that bearing such tidings Tevildo will not entreat thee ill within his halls nor seek to hold thee there.’

In this way did Huan design both to do Tevildo a hurt, or perchance if it might so be to slay him, and to aid Beren whom he guessed in truth to be that Beren son of Egnor whom the hounds of Hisilómë loved. Indeed hearing the name of Gwendeling and knowing thereby that this maiden was a princess of the woodland fairies he was eager to aid her, and his heart warmed to her sweetness.

Now Tinúviel taking heart stole near to the halls of Tevildo, and Huan wondered much at her courage, following unknown to her, as far as he might for the success of his design. At length however she passed beyond his sight, and leaving the shelter of the trees came to a region of long grass dotted with bushes that sloped ever upward toward a shoulder of the hills. Now upon that rocky spur the sun shone, but over all the hills and mountains at its back a black cloud brooded, for there was Angamandi; and Tinúviel fared on not daring to look up at that gloom, for fear oppressed her, and as she went the ground rose and the grass grew more scant and rock-strewn until it came even to a cliff, sheer of one side, and there upon a stony shelf was the castle of Tevildo. No pathway led thereto, and the place where it stood fell towards the woods in terrace after terrace so that none might reach its gates save by many great leaps, and those became ever steeper as the castle drew more nigh. Few were the windows of that house and upon the ground there were none—indeed the very gate was in the air where in the dwellings of Men are wont to be the windows of the upper floor; but the roof had many wide and flat spaces open to the sun.

Now does Tinúviel wander disconsolate upon the lowest terrace and look in dread at the dark house upon the hill, when behold, she came at a bend in the rock upon a lone cat lying in the sun and seemingly asleep. As she approached he opened a yellow eye and blinked at her, and thereupon rising and stretching he stepped up to her and said: ‘Whither away, little maid—dost not know that you trespass on the sunning ground of his highness Tevildo and his thanes?’

Now Tinúviel was very much afraid, but she made as bold an answer as she was able, saying: ‘That know I not, my lord’—and this pleased the old cat greatly, for he was in truth only Tevildo’s doorkeeper—‘but I would indeed of your goodness be brought to Tevildo’s presence now—nay, even if he sleeps,’ said she, for the doorkeeper lashed his tail in astonished refusal.

‘I have words of immediate import for his private ear. Lead me to him, my lord,’ she pleaded, and thereat the cat purred so loudly that she dared to stroke his ugly head, and this was much larger than her own, being greater than that of any dog that is now on Earth. Thus entreated, Umuiyan, for such was his name, said: ‘Come then with me,’ and seizing Tinúviel suddenly by her garments at the shoulder to her great terror he tossed her upon his back and leaped upon the second terrace. There he stopped, and as Tinúviel scrambled from his back he said: ‘Well is it for thee that this afternoon my lord Tevildo lieth upon this lowly terrace far from his house, for a great weariness and a desire for sleep has come upon me, so that I fear me I should not be willing to carry thee much farther’; now Tinúviel was robed in her robe of sable mist.

So saying Umuiyan yawned mightily and stretched himself before he led her along that terrace to an open space, where upon a wide couch of baking stones lay the horrible form of Tevildo himself, and both his evil eyes were shut. Going up to him the door-cat Umuiyan spoke in his ear softly, saying: ‘A maiden awaits thy pleasure, my lord, who hath news of importance to deliver to thee, nor would she take my refusal.’ Then did Tevildo angrily lash his tail, half opening an eye—‘What is it—be swift,’ said he, ‘for this is no hour to come desiring audience of Tevildo Prince of Cats.’

‘Nay, lord,’ said Tinúviel trembling, ‘be not angry; nor do I think that thou wilt when thou hearest, yet is the matter such that it were better not even whispered here where the breezes blow,’ and Tinúviel cast a glance as it were of apprehension toward the woods.

‘Nay, get thee gone,’ said Tevildo, ‘thou smellest of dog, and what news of good came ever to a cat from a fairy that had had dealings with the dogs?’

‘Why, sir, that I smell of dogs is no matter of wonder, for I have just escaped from one—and it is indeed of a certain very mighty dog whose name thou knowest that I would speak.’ Then up sat Tevildo and opened his eyes, and he looked all about him, and stretched three times, and at last bade the door-cat lead Tinúviel within; and Umuiyan caught her upon his back as before. Now was Tinúviel in the sorest dread, for having gained what she desired, a chance of entering Tevildo’s stronghold and maybe of discovering whether Beren were there, she had no plan more, and knew not what would become of her—indeed had she been able she would have fled; yet now do those cats begin to ascend the terraces towards the castle, and one leap does Umuiyan make bearing Tinúviel upwards and then another, and at the third he stumbled so that Tinúviel cried out in fear, and Tevildo said: ‘What ails thee, Umuiyan, thou clumsy-foot? It is time that thou left my employ if age creeps on thee so swiftly.’ But Umuiyan said: ‘Nay, lord, I know not what it is, but a mist is before my eyes and my head is heavy,’ and he staggered as one drunk, so that Tinúviel slid from his back, and thereupon he laid him down as if in a dead sleep; but Tevildo was wroth and seized Tinúviel and none too gently, and himself bore her to the gates. Then with a mighty leap he sprang within, and bidding that maiden alight he set up a yell that echoed fearsomely in the dark ways and passages. Forthwith they hastened to him from within, and some he bid descend to Umuiyan and bind him and cast him from the rocks ‘on the northern side where they fall most sheer, for he is of no use more to me,’ he said, ‘for his age has robbed him of his sureness of foot’; and Tinúviel quaked to hear the ruthlessness of this beast. But even as he spoke he himself yawned and stumbled as with a sudden drowziness, and he bid others to lead Tinúviel away to a certain chamber within, and that was the one where Tevildo was accustomed to sit at meat with his greatest thanes. It was full of bones and smelt evilly; no windows were there and but one door; but a hatchway gave from it upon the great kitchens, and a red light crept thence and dimly lit the place.

Now so adread was Tinúviel when those catfolk left her there that she stood a moment unable to stir, but soon becoming used to the darkness she looked about and espying the hatchway that had a wide sill she sprang thereto, for it was not over high and she was a nimble Elf. Now gazing therethrough, for it was ajar, she saw the wide vaulted kitchens and the great fires that burnt there, and those that toiled always within, and the most were cats—but behold, there by a great fire stooped Beren, and he was grimed with labour, and Tinúviel sat and wept, but as yet dared nothing. Indeed even as she sat the harsh voice of Tevildo sounded suddenly within that chamber: ‘Nay, where then in Melko’s name has that mad Elf fled,’ and Tinúviel hearing shrank against the wall, but Tevildo caught sight of her where she was perched and cried: ‘Then the little bird sings not any more; come down or I must fetch thee, for behold, I will not encourage the Elves to seek audience of me in mockery.’

Then partly in fear, and part in hope that her clear voice might carry even to Beren, Tinúviel began suddenly to speak very loud and to tell her tale so that the chambers rang; but ‘Hush, dear maiden,’ said Tevildo, ‘if the matter were secret without it is not one for bawling within.’ Then said Tinúviel: ‘Speak not thus to me, O cat, mighty Lord of Cats though thou be, for am I not Tinúviel Princess of Fairies that have stepped out of my way to do thee a pleasure?’ Now at those words, and she had shouted them even louder than before, a great crash was heard in the kitchens as of a number of vessels of metal and earthenware let suddenly fall, but Tevildo snarled: ‘There trippeth that fool Beren the Elf. Melko rid me of such folk’—yet Tinúviel, guessing that Beren had heard and been smitten with astonishment, put aside her fears and repented her daring no longer. Tevildo nonetheless was very wroth at her haughty words, and had he not been minded first to discover what good he might get from her tale, it had fared ill with Tinúviel straightway. Indeed from that moment she was in great peril, for Melko and all his vassals held Tinwelint and his folk as outlaws, and great was their joy to ensnare them and cruelly entreat them, so that much favour would Tevildo have gained had he taken Tinúviel before his lord. Indeed, so soon as she named herself, this did he purpose to do when his own business had been done, but of a truth his wits were drowzed that day, and he forgot to marvel more why Tinúviel sat perched upon the sill of the hatchway; nor did he think more of Beren, for his mind was bent only to the tale Tinúviel bore to him. Wherefore said he, dissembling his evil mood, ‘Nay, Lady, be not angry, but come, delay whetteth my desire—what is it that thou hast for my ears, for they twitch already.’

But Tinúviel said: ‘There is a great beast, rude and violent, and his name is Huan’—and at that name, Tevildo’s back curved, and his hair bristled and crackled, and the light of his eyes was red—‘and’, she went on, ‘it seems to me a shame that such a brute be suffered to infect the woods so nigh even to the abode of the powerful Prince of Cats, my lord Tevildo’; but Tevildo said: ‘Nor is he suffered, and cometh never there save it be by stealth.’

‘Howso that may be,’ said Tinúviel, ‘there he is now, yet methinks that at last may his life be brought utterly to an end; for lo, as I was going through the woods I saw where a great animal lay upon the ground moaning as in sickness—and behold, it was Huan, and some evil spell or malady has him in its grip, and still he lies helpless in a dale not a mile westward in the woods from this hall. Now with this perhaps I would not have troubled your ears, had not the brute when I approached to succour him snarled upon me and essayed to bite me, and meseems that such a creature deserves whatever come to him.’

Now all this that Tinúviel spake was a great lie in whose devising Huan had guided her, and maidens of the Eldar are not wont to fashion lies; yet have I never heard that any of the Eldar blamed her therein nor Beren afterward, and neither do I, for Tevildo was an evil cat and Melko the wickedest of all beings, and Tinúviel was in dire peril at their hands. Tevildo however, himself a great and skilled liar, was so deeply versed in the lies and subtleties of all the beasts and creatures that he seldom knew whether to believe what was said to him or not, and was wont to disbelieve all things save those he wished to believe true, and so was he often deceived by the more honest. Now the story of Huan and his helplessness so pleased him that he was fain to believe it true, and determined at least to test it; yet at first he feigned indifference, saying this was a small matter for such secrecy and might have been spoken outside without further ado. But Tinúviel said she had not thought that Tevildo Prince of Cats needed to learn that the ears of Huan heard the slightest sounds a league away, and the voice of a cat further than any sound else.

Now therefore Tevildo sought to discover from Tinúviel under pretence of mistrusting her tale where exactly Huan might be found, but she made only vague answers, seeing in this her only hope of escaping from the castle, and at length Tevildo, overcome by curiosity and threatening evil things if she should prove false, summoned two of his thanes to him, and one was Oikeroi, a fierce and warlike cat. Then did the three set out with Tinúviel from that place, but Tinúviel took off her magical garment of black and folded it, so that for all its size and density it appeared no more than the smallest kerchief (for so was she able), and thus was she borne down the terraces upon the back of Oikeroi without mishap, and no drowziness assailed her bearer. Now crept they through the woods in the direction she had named, and soon does Tevildo smell dog and bristles and lashes his great tail, but after he climbs a lofty tree and looks down from thence into that dale that Tinúviel had shown to them. There he does indeed see the great form of Huan lying prostrate groaning and moaning, and he comes down in much glee and haste, and indeed in his eagerness he forgets Tinúviel, who now in great fear for Huan lies hidden in a bank of fern. The design of Tevildo and his two companions was to enter that dale silently from different quarters and so come all suddenly upon Huan unawares and slay him, or if he were too stricken to make fight to make sport of him and torment him. This did they now, but even as they leapt out upon him Huan sprang up into the air with a mighty baying, and his jaws closed in the back close to the neck of that cat Oikeroi, and Oikeroi died; but the other thane fled howling up a great tree, and so was Tevildo left alone face to face with Huan, and such an encounter was not much to his mind, yet was Huan upon him too swiftly for flight, and they fought fiercely in that glade, and the noise that Tevildo made was very hideous; but at length Huan had him by the throat, and that cat might well have perished had not his claws as he struck out blindly pierced Huan’s eye. Then did Huan give tongue, and Tevildo screeching fearsomely got himself loose with a great wrench and leapt up a tall and smooth tree that stood by, even as his companion had done. Despite his grievous hurt Huan now leaps beneath that tree baying mightily, and Tevildo curses him and casts evil words upon him from above.

Then said Huan: ‘Lo, Tevildo, these are the words of Huan whom thou thoughtest to catch and slay helpless as the miserable mice it is thy wont to hunt—stay for ever up thy lonely tree and bleed to death of thy wounds, or come down and feel again my teeth. But if neither are to thy liking, then tell me where is Tinúviel Princess of Fairies and Beren son of Egnor, for these are my friends. Now these shall be set as ransom against thee—though it be valuing thee far over thy worth.’

‘As for that cursed Elf, she lies whimpering in the ferns yonder, an my ears mistake not,’ said Tevildo, ‘and Beren methinks is being soundly scratched by Miaulë my cook in the kitchens of my castle for his clumsiness there an hour ago.’

‘Then let them be given to me in safety,’ said Huan, ‘and thou mayest return thyself to thy halls and lick thyself unharmed.’

‘Of a surety my thane who is here with me shall fetch them for thee,’ said Tevildo, but growled Huan: ‘Ay, and fetch also all thy tribe and hosts of the Orcs and the plagues of Melko. Nay, I am no fool; rather shalt thou give Tinúviel a token and she shall fetch Beren, or thou shalt stay here if thou likest not the other way.’ Then was Tevildo forced to cast down his golden collar—a token no cat dare dishonour, but Huan said: ‘Nay, more yet is needed, for this will arouse all thy folk to seek thee,’ and this Tevildo knew and had hoped. So was it that in the end weariness and hunger and fear prevailed upon that proud cat, a prince of the service of Melko, to reveal the secret of the cats and the spell that Melko had entrusted to him; and those were words of magic whereby the stones of his evil house were held together, and whereby he held all beasts of the catfolk under his sway, filling them with an evil power beyond their nature; for long has it been said that Tevildo was an evil fay in beastlike shape. When therefore he had told it Huan laughed till the woods rang, for he knew that the days of the power of the cats were over.

Now sped Tinúviel with the golden collar of Tevildo back to the lowest terrace before the gates, and standing she spake the spell in her clear voice. Then behold, the air was filled with the voices of cats and the house of Tevildo shook; and there came therefrom a host of indwellers and they were shrunk to puny size and were afeared of Tinúviel, who waving the collar of Tevildo spake before them certain of the words that Tevildo had said in her hearing to Huan, and they cowered before her. But she said: ‘Lo, let all those of the folk of the Elves or of the children of Men that are bound within these halls be brought forth,’ and behold, Beren was brought forth, but of other thralls there were none, save only Gimli, an aged Gnome, bent in thraldom and grown blind, but whose hearing was the keenest that has been in the world, as all songs say. Gimli came leaning upon a stick and Beren aided him, but Beren was clad in rags and haggard, and he had in his hand a great knife he had caught up in the kitchen, fearing some new ill when the house shook and all the voices of the cats were heard; but when he beheld Tinúviel standing amid the host of cats that shrank from her and saw the great collar of Tevildo, then was he amazed utterly, and knew not what to think. But Tinúviel was very glad, and spoke saying: ‘O Beren from beyond the Bitter Hills, wilt thou now dance with me—but let it not be here.’ And she led Beren far away, and all those cats set up a howling and wailing, so that Huan and Tevildo heard it in the woods, but none followed or molested them, for they were afraid, and the magic of Melko was fallen from them.

This indeed they rued afterward when Tevildo returned home followed by his trembling comrade, for Tevildo’s wrath was terrible, and he lashed his tail and dealt blows at all who stood nigh. Now Huan of the dogs, though it might seem a folly, when Beren and Tinúviel came to that glade had suffered that evil Prince to return without further war, but the great collar of gold he had set about his own neck, and at this was Tevildo more angry than all else, for a great magic of strength and power lay therein. Little to Huan’s liking was it that Tevildo lived still, but now no longer did he fear the cats, and that tribe has fled before the dogs ever since, and the dogs hold them still in scorn since the humbling of Tevildo in the woods nigh Angamandi; and Huan has not done any greater deed. Indeed afterward Melko heard all and he cursed Tevildo and his folk and banished them, nor have they since that day had lord or master or any friend, and their voices wail and screech for their hearts are very lonely and bitter and full of loss, yet there is only darkness therein and no kindliness.

At the time however whereof the tale tells it was Tevildo’s chief desire to recapture Beren and Tinúviel and to slay Huan, that he might regain the spell and magic he had lost, for he was in great fear of Melko, and he dared not seek his master’s aid and reveal his defeat and the betrayal of his spell. Unwitting of this Huan feared those places, and was in great dread lest those doings come swiftly to Melko’s ear, as did most things that came to pass in the world; wherefore now Tinúviel and Beren wandered far away with Huan, and they became great in friendship with him, and in that life Beren grew strong again and his thraldom fell from him, and Tinúviel loved him.

Yet wild and rugged and very lonely were those days, for never a face of Elf or of Man did they see, and Tinúviel grew at last to long sorely for Gwendeling her mother and the songs of sweet magic she was used to sing to her children as twilight fell in the woodlands by their ancient halls. Often she half fancied she heard the flute of Dairon her brother, in pleasant glades wherein they sojourned, and her heart grew heavy. At length she said to Beren and to Huan: ‘I must return home,’ and now is it Beren’s heart that is overcast with sorrow, for he loved that life in the woods with the dogs (for by now many others had become joined to Huan), yet not if Tinúviel were not there.

Nonetheless said he: ‘Never may I go back with thee to the land of Artanor—nor come there ever after to seek thee, sweet Tinúviel, save only bearing a Silmaril; nor may that ever now be achieved, for am I not a fugitive from the very halls of Melko, and in danger of the most evil pains do any of his servants spy me.’ Now this he said in the grief of his heart at parting with Tinúviel, and she was torn in mind, abiding not the thought of leaving Beren nor yet of living ever thus in exile. So sat she a great while in sad thought and she spoke not, but Beren sat nigh and at length said: ‘Tinúviel, one thing only can we do—go get a Silmaril’; and she sought thereupon Huan, asking his aid and advice, but he was very grave and saw nothing but folly in the matter. Yet in the end Tinúviel begged of him the fell of Oikeroi that he slew in the affray of the glade; now Oikeroi was a very mighty cat and Huan carried that fell with him as a trophy.

Now doth Tinúviel put forth her skill and fairy-magic, and she sews Beren into this fell and makes him to the likeness of a great cat, and she teaches him how to sit and sprawl, to step and bound and trot in the semblance of a cat, till Huan’s very whiskers bristled at the sight, and thereat Beren and Tinúviel laughed. Never however could Beren learn to screech or wail or to purr like any cat that ever walked, nor could Tinúviel awaken a glow in the dead eyes of the catskin—‘but we must put up with that,’ said she, ‘and thou hast the air of a very noble cat if thou but hold thy tongue.’

Then did they bid farewell to Huan and set out for the halls of Melko by easy journeys, for Beren was in great discomfort and heat within the fur of Oikeroi, and Tinúviel’s heart became lighter awhile than it had been for long, and she stroked Beren or pulled his tail, and Beren was angry because he could not lash it in answer as fiercely as he wished. At length however they drew near to Angamandi, as indeed the rumblings and deep noises, and the sound of mighty hammerings of ten thousand smiths labouring unceasingly, declared to them. Nigh were the sad chambers where the thrall-Noldoli laboured bitterly under the Orcs and goblins of the hills, and here the gloom and darkness was great so that their hearts fell, but Tinúviel arrayed her once more in her dark garment of deep sleep. Now the gates of Angamandi were of iron wrought hideously and set with knives and spikes, and before them lay the greatest wolf the world has ever seen, even Karkaras Knife-fang who had never slept; and Karkaras growled when he saw Tinúviel approach, but of the cat he took not much heed, for he thought little of cats and they were ever passing in and out.

‘Growl not, O Karkaras,’ said she, ‘for I go to seek my lord Melko, and this thane of Tevildo goeth with me as escort.’ Now the dark robe veiled all her shimmering beauty, and Karkaras was not much troubled in mind, yet nonetheless he approached as was his wont to snuff the air of her, and the sweet fragrance of the Eldar that garment might not hide. Therefore straightway did Tinúviel begin a magic dance, and the black strands of her dark veil she cast in his eyes so that his legs shook with a drowziness and he rolled over and was asleep. But not until he was fast in dreams of great chases in the woods of Hisilómë when he was yet a whelp did Tinúviel cease, and then did those twain enter that black portal, and winding down many shadowy ways they stumbled at length into the very presence of Melko.

In that gloom Beren passed well enough as a very thane of Tevildo, and indeed Oikeroi had aforetime been much about the halls of Melko, so that none heeded him and he slunk under the very chair of the Ainu unseen, but the adders and evil things there lying set him in great fear so that he durst not move.

Now all this fell out most fortunately, for had Tevildo been with Melko their deceit would have been discovered—and indeed of that danger they had thought, not knowing that Tevildo sat now in his halls and knew not what to do should his discomfiture become noised in Angamandi; but behold, Melko espieth Tinúviel and saith: ‘Who art thou that flittest about my halls like a bat? How camest thou in, for of a surety thou dost not belong here?’

‘Nay, that I do not yet,’ saith Tinúviel, ‘though I may perchance hereafter, of thy goodness, my lord Melko. Knowest thou not that I am Tinúviel daughter of Tinwelint the outlaw, and he hath driven me from his halls, for he is an overbearing Elf and I give not my love at his command.’

Now in truth was Melko amazed that the daughter of Tinwelint came thus of her free will to his dwelling, Angamandi the terrible, and suspecting something untoward he asked what was her desire: ‘for knowest thou not,’ saith he, ‘that there is no love here for thy father or his folk, nor needest thou hope for soft words and good cheer from me.’

‘So hath my father said,’ saith she, ‘but wherefore need I believe him? Behold, I have a skill of subtle dances, and I would dance now before you, my lord, for then methinks I might readily be granted some humble corner of your halls wherein to dwell until such times as you should call for the little dancer Tinúviel to lighten your cares.’

‘Nay,’ saith Melko, ‘such things are little to my mind; but as thou hast come thus far to dance, dance, and after we will see,’ and with that he leered horribly, for his dark mind pondered some evil.

Then did Tinúviel begin such a dance as neither she nor any other sprite or fay or elf danced ever before or has done since, and after a while even Melko’s gaze was held in wonder. Round the hall she fared, swift as a swallow, noiseless as a bat, magically beautiful as only Tinúviel ever was, and now she was at Melko’s side, now before him, now behind, and her misty draperies touched his face and waved before his eyes, and the folk that sat about the walls or stood in that place were whelmed one by one in sleep, falling down into deep dreams of all that their ill hearts desired.

Beneath his chair the adders lay like stones, and the wolves before his feet yawned and slumbered, and Melko gazed on enchanted, but he did not sleep. Then began Tinúviel to dance a yet swifter dance before his eyes, and even as she danced she sang in a voice very low and wonderful a song which Gwendeling had taught her long ago, a song that the youths and maidens sang beneath the cypresses of the gardens of Lórien when the Tree of Gold had waned and Silpion was gleaming. The voices of nightingales were in it, and many subtle odours seemed to fill the air of that noisome place as she trod the floor lightly as a feather in the wind; nor has any voice or sight of such beauty ever again been seen there, and Ainu Melko for all his power and majesty succumbed to the magic of that Elf-maid, and indeed even the eyelids of Lórien had grown heavy had he been there to see. Then did Melko fall forward drowzed, and sank at last in utter sleep down from his chair upon the floor, and his iron crown rolled away.

Suddenly Tinúviel ceased. In the hall no sound was heard save of slumbrous breath; even Beren slept beneath the very seat of Melko, but Tinúviel shook him so that he awoke at last. Then in fear and trembling he tore asunder his disguise and freeing himself from it leapt to his feet. Now does he draw that knife that he had from Tevildo’s kitchens and he seizes the mighty iron crown, but Tinúviel could not move it and scarcely might the thews of Beren avail to turn it. Great is the frenzy of their fear as in that dark hall of sleeping evil Beren labours as noiselessly as may be to prise out a Silmaril with his knife. Now does he loosen the great central jewel and the sweat pours from his brow, but even as he forces it from the crown lo! his knife snaps with a loud crack.

Tinúviel smothers a cry thereat and Beren springs away with the one Silmaril in his hand, and the sleepers stir and Melko groans as though ill thoughts disturbed his dreams, and a black look comes upon his sleeping face. Content now with that one flashing gem those twain fled desperately from the hall, stumbling wildly down many dark passages till from the glimmering of grey light they knew they neared the gates—and behold! Karkaras lies across the threshold, awake once more and watchful.

Straightway Beren thrust himself before Tinúviel although she said him nay, and this proved in the end ill, for Tinúviel had not time to cast her spell of slumber over the beast again, ere seeing Beren he bared his teeth and growled angrily. ‘Wherefore this surliness, Karkaras?’ said Tinúviel. ‘Wherefore this Gnome who entered not and yet now issueth in haste?’ quoth Knife-fang, and with that he leapt upon Beren, who struck straight between the wolf’s eyes with his fist, catching for his throat with the other hand.

Then Karkaras seized that hand in his dreadful jaws, and it was the hand wherein Beren clasped the blazing Silmaril, and both hand and jewel Karkaras bit off and took into his red maw. Great was the agony of Beren and the fear and anguish of Tinúviel, yet even as they expect to feel the teeth of the wolf a new thing strange and terrible comes to pass. Behold now that Silmaril blazeth with a white and hidden fire of its own nature and is possessed of a fierce and holy magic—for did it not come from Valinor and the blessed realms, being fashioned with spells of the Gods and Gnomes before evil came there; and it doth not tolerate the touch of evil flesh or of unholy hand. Now cometh it into the foul body of Karkaras, and suddenly that beast is burnt with a terrible anguish and the howling of his pain is ghastly to hear as it echoeth in those rocky ways, so that all the sleeping court within awakes. Then did Tinúviel and Beren flee like the wind from the gates, yet was Karkaras far before them raging and in madness as a beast pursued by Balrogs; and after when they might draw breath Tinúviel wept over the maimed arm of Beren kissing it often, so that behold it bled not, and pain left it, and was healed by the tender healing of her love; yet was Beren ever after surnamed among all folk Ermabwed the One-handed, which in the language of the Lonely Isle is Elmavoitë.

Now however must they bethink them of escape—if such may be their fortune, and Tinúviel wrapped part of her dark mantle about Beren, and so for a while flitting by dusk and dark amid the hills they were seen by none, albeit Melko had raised all his Orcs of terror against them; and his fury at the rape of that jewel was greater than the Elves had ever seen it yet.

Even so it seems soon to them that the net of hunters drew ever more tightly upon them, and though they had reached the edge of the more familiar woods and passed the glooms of the forest of Taurfuin, still were there many leagues of peril yet to pass between them and the caverns of the king, and even did they reach ever there it seemed like they would but draw the chase behind them thither and Melko’s hate upon all that woodland folk. So great indeed was the hue and cry that Huan learnt of it far away, and he marvelled much at the daring of those twain, and still more that ever they had escaped from Angamandi.

Now goes he with many dogs through the woods hunting Orcs and thanes of Tevildo, and many hurts he got thus, and many of them he slew or put to fear and flight, until one even at dusk the Valar brought him to a glade in that northward region of Artanor that was called afterward Nan Dumgorthin, the land of the dark idols, but that is a matter that concerns not this tale. Howbeit it was even then a dark land and gloomy and foreboding, and dread wandered beneath its lowering trees no less even than in Taurfuin; and those two Elves Tinúviel and Beren were lying therein weary and without hope, and Tinúviel wept but Beren was fingering his knife.

Now when Huan saw them he would not suffer them to speak or to tell any of their tale, but straightway took Tinúviel upon his mighty back and bade Beren run as best he could beside him, ‘for,’ said he, ‘a great company of the Orcs are drawing swiftly hither, and wolves are their trackers and their scouts.’ Now doth Huan’s pack run about them, and they go very swiftly along quick and secret paths towards the homes of the folk of Tinwelint far away. Thus was it that they eluded the host of their enemies, but had nonetheless many an encounter afterward with wandering things of evil, and Beren slew an Orc that came nigh to dragging off Tinúviel, and that was a good deed. Seeing then that the hunt still pressed them close, once more did Huan lead them by winding ways, and dared not yet straightly to bring them to the land of the woodland fairies. So cunning however was his leading that at last after many days the chase fell far away, and no longer did they see or hear anything of the bands of Orcs; no goblins waylaid them nor did the howling of any evil wolves come upon the airs at night, and belike that was because already they had stepped within the circle of Gwendeling’s magic that hid the paths from evil and kept harm from the regions of the woodelves.

Then did Tinúviel breathe freely once more as she had not done since she fled from her father’s halls, and Beren rested in the sun far from the glooms of Angband until the last bitterness of thraldom left him. Because of the light falling through green leaves and the whisper of clean winds and the song of birds once more are they wholly unafraid.

At last came there nevertheless a day whereon waking out of a deep slumber Beren started up as one who leaves a dream of happy things coming suddenly to his mind, and he said: ‘Farewell, O Huan, most trusty comrade, and thou, little Tinúviel, whom I love, fare thee well. This only I beg of thee, get thee now straight to the safety of thy home, and may good Huan lead thee. But I—lo, I must away into the solitude of the woods, for I have lost that Silmaril which I had, and never dare I draw near to Angamandi more, wherefore neither will I enter the halls of Tinwelint.’ Then he wept to himself, but Tinúviel who was nigh and had hearkened to his musing came beside him and said; ‘Nay, now is my heart changed, and if thou dwellest in the woods, O Beren Ermabwed, then so will I, and if thou wilt wander in the wild places there will I wander also, or with thee or after thee:—yet never shall my father see me again save only if thou takest me to him.’ Then indeed was Beren glad of her sweet words, and fain would he have dwelt with her as a huntsman of the wild, but his heart smote him for all that she had suffered for him, and for her he put away his pride. Indeed she reasoned with him, saying it would be folly to be stubborn, and that her father would greet them with nought but joy, being glad to see his daughter yet alive—‘and maybe,’ said she, ‘he will have shame that his jesting has given thy fair hand to the jaws of Karkaras.’ But Huan also she implored to return with them a space, for ‘my father owes thee a very great reward, O Huan,’ saith she, ‘an he loves his daughter at all.’

So came it that those three set forward once again together, and came at last back to the woodlands that Tinúviel knew and loved nigh to the dwellings of her folk and to the deep halls of her home. Yet even as they approach they find fear and tumult among that people such as had not been for a long age, and asking some that wept before their doors they learned that ever since the day of Tinúviel’s secret flight ill-fortune had befallen them. Lo, the king had been distraught with grief and had relaxed his ancient wariness and cunning; indeed his warriors had been sent hither and thither deep into the unwholesome woods searching for that maiden, and many had been slain or lost for ever, and war there was with Melko’s servants about all their northern and eastern borders, so that the folk feared mightily lest that Ainu upraise his strength and come utterly to crush them and Gwendeling’s magic have not the strength to withhold the numbers of the Orcs. ‘Behold,’ said they, ‘now is the worst of all befallen, for long has Queen Gwendeling sat aloof and smiled not nor spoken, looking as it were to a great distance with haggard eyes, and the web of her magic has blown thin about the woods, and the woods are dreary, for Dairon comes not back, neither is his music heard ever in the glades. Behold now the crown of all our evil tidings, for know that there has broken upon us raging from the halls of Evil a great grey wolf filled with an evil spirit, and he fares as though lashed by some hidden madness, and none are safe. Already has he slain many as he runs wildly snapping and yelling through the woods, so that the very banks of the stream that flows before the king’s halls has become a lurking-place of danger. There comes the awful wolf oftentimes to drink, looking as the evil Prince himself with bloodshot eyes and tongue lolling out, and never can he slake his desire for water as though some inward fire devours him.’

Then was Tinúviel sad at the thought of the unhappiness that had come upon her folk, and most of all was her heart bitter at the story of Dairon, for of this she had not heard any murmur before. Yet could she not wish Beren had come never to the lands of Artanor, and together they made haste to Tinwelint; and already to the Elves of the wood it seemed that the evil was at an end now that Tinúviel was come back among them unharmed. Indeed they scarce had hoped for that.

In great gloom do they find King Tinwelint, yet suddenly is his sorrow melted to tears of gladness, and Gwendeling sings again for joy when Tinúviel enters there and casting away her raiment of dark mist she stands before them in her pearly radiance of old. For a while all is mirth and wonder in that hall, and yet at length the king turns his eyes to Beren and says: ‘So thou hast returned too—bringing a Silmaril, beyond doubt, in recompense for all the ill thou hast wrought my land; or an thou hast not, I know not wherefore thou art here.’

Then Tinúviel stamped her foot and cried so that the king and all about him wondered at her new and fearless mood: ‘For shame, my father—behold, here is Beren the brave whom thy jesting drove into dark places and foul captivity and the Valar alone saved from a bitter death. Methinks ’twould rather befit a king of the Eldar to reward him than revile him.’

‘Nay,’ said Beren, ‘the king thy father hath the right. Lord,’ said he, ‘I have a Silmaril in my hand even now.’

‘Show me then,’ said the king in amaze.

‘That I cannot,’ said Beren, ‘for my hand is not here’, and he held forth his maimed arm.

Then was the king’s heart turned to him by reason of his stout and courteous demeanour, and he bade Beren and Tinúviel relate to him all that had befallen either of them, and he was eager to hearken, for he did not fully comprehend the meaning of Beren’s words. When however he had heard all yet more was his heart turned to Beren, and he marvelled at the love that had awakened in the heart of Tinúviel so that she had done greater deeds and more daring than any of the warriors of his folk.

‘Never again,’ said he, ‘O Beren I beg of thee, leave this court nor the side of Tinúviel, for thou art a great Elf and thy name will ever be great among the kindreds.’ Yet Beren answered him proudly, and said: ‘Nay, O King, I hold to my word and thine, and I will get thee that Silmaril or ever I dwell in peace in thy halls.’ And the king entreated him to journey no more into the dark and unknown realms, but Beren said: ‘No need is there thereof, for behold that jewel is even now nigh to thy caverns,’ and he made clear to Tinwelint that that beast that ravaged his land was none other than Karkaras, the wolfward of Melko’s gates—and this was not known to all, but Beren knew it taught by Huan, whose cunning in the reading of track and slot was greatest among all the hounds, and therein are none of them unskilled. Huan indeed was with Beren now in the halls, and when those twain spoke of a chase and a great hunt he begged to be in that deed; and it was granted gladly. Now do those three prepare themselves to harry that beast, that all the folk be rid of the terror of the wolf, and Beren keep his word, bringing a Silmaril to shine once more in Elfinesse. King Tinwelint himself led that chase, and Beren was beside him, and Mablung the heavyhanded, chief of the king’s thanes, leaped up and grasped a spear—a mighty weapon captured in battle with the distant Orcs—and with those three stalked Huan mightiest of dogs, but others they would not take according to the desire of the king, who said: ‘Four is enough for the slaying even of the Hell-wolf’—but only those who had seen knew how fearsome was that beast, nigh as large as a horse among Men, and so great was the ardour of his breath that it scorched whatsoever it touched. About the hour of sunrise they set forth, and soon after Huan espied a new slot beside the stream, not far from the king’s doors, ‘and,’ quoth he, ‘this is the print of Karkaras.’ Thereafter they followed that stream all day, and at many places its banks were new-trampled and torn and the water of the pools that lay about it was fouled as though some beasts possessed of madness had rolled and fought there not long before.

Now sinks the sun and fades beyond the western trees and darkness is creeping down from Hisilómë so that the light of the forest dies. Even so they come to a place where the spoor swerves from the stream or perchance is lost in its waters and Huan may no longer follow it; and here therefore they encamp, sleeping in turns beside the stream, and the early night wears away.

Suddenly in Beren’s watch a sound of great terror leaped up from far away—a howling as of seventy maddened wolves—then lo! the brushwood cracks and saplings snap as the terror draweth near, and Beren knows that Karkaras is upon them. Scarce had he time to rouse the others, and they were but just sprung up and half-awake, when a great form loomed in the wavering moonlight filtering there, and it was fleeing like one mad, and its course was bent towards the water. Thereat Huan gave tongue, and straightway the beast swerved aside towards them, and foam was dripping from his jaws and a red light shining from his eyes, and his face was marred with mingled terror and with wrath. No sooner did he leave the trees than Huan rushed upon him fearless of heart, but he with a mighty leap sprang right over that great dog, for all his fury was kindled suddenly against Beren whom he recognized as he stood behind, and to his dark mind it seemed that there was the cause of all his agony. Then Beren thrust swiftly upward with a spear into his throat, and Huan leapt again and had him by a hind leg, and Karkaras fell like a stone, for at that same moment the king’s spear found his heart, and his evil spirit gushed forth and sped howling faintly as it fared over the dark hills to Mandos; but Beren lay under him crushed beneath his weight. Now they roll back that carcase and fall to cutting it open, but Huan licks Beren’s face whence blood is flowing. Soon is the truth of Beren’s words made clear, for the vitals of the wolf are half-consumed as though an inner fire had long been smouldering there, and suddenly the night is filled with a wondrous lustre, shot with pale and secret colours, as Mablung draws forth the Silmaril. Then holding it out he said: ‘Behold, O King’, but Tinwelint said: ‘Nay, never will I handle it save only if Beren give it to me.’ But Huan said: ‘and that seems likely never to be, unless ye tend him swiftly, for methinks he is hurt sorely’; and Mablung and the king were ashamed.

Therefore now they raised Beren gently up and tended him and washed him, and he breathed, but he spoke not nor opened his eyes, and when the sun arose and they had rested a little they bore him as softly as might be upon a bier of boughs back through the woodlands; and nigh midday they drew near the homes of the folk again, and then were they deadly weary, and Beren had not moved nor spoken, but groaned thrice.

There did all the people flock to meet them when their approach was noised among them, and some bore them meat and cool drinks and salves and healing things for their hurts, and but for the harm that Beren had met great indeed had been their joy. Now then they covered the leafy boughs whereon he lay with soft raiment, and they bore him away to the halls of the king, and there was Tinúviel awaiting them in great distress; and she fell upon Beren’s breast and wept and kissed him, and he awoke and knew her, and after Mablung gave him that Silmaril, and he lifted it above him gazing at its beauty, ere he said slowly and with pain: ‘Behold, O King, I give thee the wondrous jewel thou didst desire, and it is but a little thing found by the wayside, for once methinks thou hadst one beyond thought more beautiful, and she is now mine.’ Yet even as he spake the shadows of Mandos lay upon his face, and his spirit fled in that hour to the margin of the world, and Tinúviel’s tender kisses called him not back.

*

[Here Vëannë suddenly ceased speaking, but she wept, and after a while she said ‘Nay, that is not all the tale; but here endeth all that I rightly know’. In the conversation that followed one Ausir said: ‘I have heard that the magic of Tinúviel’s tender kisses healed Beren, and recalled his spirit from the gates of Mandos, and long time he dwelt among the Lost Elves . . .’]

But another said: ‘Nay, that was not so, O Ausir, and if thou wilt listen I will tell the true and wondrous tale; for Beren died there in Tinúviel’s arms even as Vëannë has said, and Tinúviel crushed with sorrow and finding no comfort or light in all the world followed him swiftly down those dark ways that all must tread alone. Now her beauty and tender loveliness touched even the cold heart of Mandos, so that he suffered her to lead Beren forth once more into the world, nor has this ever been done since to Man or Elf, and many songs and stories are there of the prayer of Tinúviel before the throne of Mandos that I remember not right well. Yet said Mandos to those twain: “Lo, O Elves, it is not to any life of perfect joy that I dismiss you, for such may no longer be found in all the world where sits Melko of the evil heart—and know that ye will become mortal even as Men, and when ye fare hither again it will be for ever, unless the Gods summon you indeed to Valinor.” Nonetheless those twain departed hand in hand, and they fared together through the northern woods, and oftentimes were they seen dancing magic dances down the hills, and their name became heard far and wide.’

[Then Vëannë said:] ‘Aye, and they did more than dance, for their deeds afterward were very great, and many tales are there thereof that thou must hear, O Eriol Melinon, upon another time of tale-telling. For these twain it is that stories name i-Cuilwarthon, which is to say the dead that live again, and they became mighty fairies in the lands about the north of Sirion. Behold now all is ended—and doth it like thee?’

[Then Eriol said that he had not expected to hear such an astonishing story from one such as Vëannë, to which she answered:]

‘Nay, but I fashioned it not with words of myself; but it is dear to me—and indeed all the children know of the deeds that it relates—and I have learned it by heart, reading it in the great books, and I do not comprehend all that is set therein.’

*

DURING THE 1920s my father was engaged in the casting of the Lost Tales of Turambar and Tinúviel into verse. The first of these poems, The Lay of the Children of Húrin, in the Old English alliterative metre, was begun in 1918, but when far from completion he abandoned it, very probably when he left the University of Leeds. In the summer of 1925, the year in which he took up his appointment to the professorship of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, he began ‘the poem of Tinúviel’, called The Lay of Leithian. This he translated ‘Release from Bondage’, but he never explained the title.

Remarkably and uncharacteristically he inserted dates at many points. The first of these, at line 557 (in the numbering of the poem as a whole) is 23 August 1925; and the last, 17 September 1931, is written against line 4085. Not far beyond this, at line 4223, the poem was abandoned, at the point in the narrative where ‘the fangs of Carcharoth crashed together like a trap’ on Beren’s hand bearing the Silmaril, as he fled from Angband. For the remainder of the poem that was never written there are prose synopses.

In 1926 he sent many of his poems to R.W. Reynolds, who had been his teacher at King Edward’s School in Birmingham. In that year he composed a substantial text with the title Sketch of the mythology with especial reference to The Children of Húrin, and on the envelope containing this manuscript he wrote later that this text was ‘the original Silmarillion’, and that he had written it for Mr Reynolds in order to ‘explain the background of the “alliterative version” of Túrin and the Dragon.’

This Sketch of the Mythology was ‘the original Silmarillion’ because from it there was a direct line of evolution; whereas there is no stylistic continuity with the Lost Tales. The Sketch is what its name implies: it is a synopsis, composed in a terse, present-tense manner. I give here the passage in the text that tells in briefest form the tale of Beren and Lúthien.

A PASSAGE FROM THE ‘SKETCH OF THE MYTHOLOGY’

The power of Morgoth begins to spread once more. One by one he overthrows Men and Elves in the North. Of these a famous chieftain of Men was Barahir, who had been a friend of Celegorm of Nargothrond.

Barahir is driven into hiding, his hiding betrayed, and Barahir slain; his son Beren after a life outlawed flees south, crosses the Shadowy Mountains, and after grievous hardships comes to Doriath. Of this and his other adventures is told in The Lay of Leithian. He gains the love of Tinúviel ‘the nightingale’—his own name for Lúthien—the daughter of Thingol. To win her Thingol, in mockery, requires a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth. Beren sets out to achieve this, is captured, and set in dungeon in Angband, but conceals his real identity and is given as a slave to Thû the hunter. Lúthien is imprisoned by Thingol, but escapes and goes in search of Beren. With the aid of Huan lord of dogs she rescues Beren, and gains entrance to Angband where Morgoth is enchanted and finally wrapped in slumber by her dancing. They get a Silmaril and escape, but are barred at gates of Angband by Carcaras the Wolf-ward. He bites off Beren’s hand which holds the Silmaril, and goes mad with the anguish of its burning within him.

They escape and after many wanderings get back to Doriath. Carcaras ravening through the woods bursts into Doriath. There follows the Wolf-hunt of Doriath, in which Carcaras is slain, and Huan is killed in defence of Beren. Beren is however mortally wounded and dies in Lúthien’s arms. Some songs say that Lúthien went even over the Grinding Ice, aided by the power of her divine mother, Melian, to Mandos’ halls and won him back; others that Mandos hearing his tale released him. Certain it is that he alone of mortals came back from Mandos and dwelt with Lúthien and never spoke to Men again, living in the woods of Doriath and in the Hunters’ Wold, west of Nargothrond.

It will be seen that there have been great changes in the legend, the most immediately evident being that of Beren’s captor: here we meet Thû ‘the hunter’. At the end of the Sketch it is said of Thû that he was the ‘great chief’ of Morgoth, and that he ‘escaped the Last Battle and dwells still in dark places, and perverts Men to his dreadful worship’. In The Lay of Leithian Thû emerges as the fearful Necromancer, Lord of Wolves, who dwelt in Tol Sirion, the island in the river Sirion with an Elvish watchtower, which came to be Tol-in-Gaurhoth, the Isle of Werewolves. He is, or will be, Sauron. Tevildo and his realm of cats have disappeared.

But in the background another significant element in the legend had emerged after The Tale of Tinúviel was written: this concerns the father of Beren. Egnor the forester, the Gnome ‘who hunted in the darker places of Hisilómë’ (p. 41) has gone. Now, in the passage from the Sketch just given, his father is Barahir, ‘a famous chieftain of Men’: driven into hiding by the growing hostile power of Morgoth, his hiding was betrayed, and he was slain. ‘His son Beren after a life outlawed flees south, crosses the Shadowy Mountains, and after grievous hardships comes to Doriath. Of this and his other adventures is told in The Lay of Leithian.’

A PASSAGE EXTRACTED FROM THE LAY OF LEITHIAN

I give here the passage in the Lay (written in 1925; see p. 88) that describes the treachery of Gorlim, known as Gorlim the Unhappy, who betrayed to Morgoth the hiding place of Barahir and his companions, and the aftermath. I should mention here that the textual detail of the poem is very complex, but since my (ambitious) purpose in this book is to make a readily readable text that shows the narrative evolution of the legend at different stages, I have neglected virtually all detail of this nature, which could only confuse that purpose. An account of the textual history of the poem will be found in my book The Lays of Beleriand (The History of Middle-earth, Vol. III, 1985). I have taken the extracts from the Lay in the present book word for word from the text that I prepared for The Lays of Beleriand. The line-numbers are simply those of the extracts, and have no relation to those of the whole poem.

The extract that follows is taken from Canto II of the Lay. It is preceded by a description of the ferocious tyranny of Morgoth over the northern lands at the time of Beren’s coming into Artanor (Doriath), and of the survival in hiding of Barahir and Beren and ten others, hunted in vain by Morgoth for many years, until at last ‘their feet were caught in Morgoth’s snare’.

Gorlim it was, who wearying

of toil and flight and harrying

one night by chance did turn his feet

o’er the dark fields by stealth to meet

5with hidden friends within a dale,

and found a homestead looming pale

against the misty stars, all dark

save one small window, whence a spark

of fitful candle strayed without.

10Therein he peeped, and filled with doubt

he saw, as in a dreaming deep

when longing cheats the heart in sleep,

his wife beside a dying fire

lament him lost; her thin attire

15and greying hair and paling cheek

of tears and loneliness did speak.

‘A! fair and gentle Eilinel,

whom I had thought in darkling hell

long since emprisoned! Ere I fled

20I deemed I saw thee slain and dead

upon that night of sudden fear

when all I lost that I held dear’:

thus thought his heavy heart amazed

outside in darkness as he gazed.

25But ere he dared to call her name,

or ask how she escaped and came

to this far vale beneath the hills,

he heard a cry beneath the hills!

There hooted near a hunting owl

30with boding voice. He heard the howl

of the wild wolves that followed him

and dogged his feet through shadows dim.

Him unrelenting, well he knew,

the hunt of Morgoth did pursue.

35Lest Eilinel with him they slay

without a word he turned away,

and like a wild thing winding led

his devious ways o’er stony bed

of stream, and over quaking fen,

40until far from the homes of men

he lay beside his fellows few

in a secret place; and darkness grew,

and waned, and still he watched unsleeping,

and saw the dismal dawn come creeping

45in dank heavens above gloomy trees.

A sickness held his soul for ease,

and hope, and even thraldom’s chain

if he might find his wife again.

But all he thought twixt love of lord

50and hatred of the king abhorred

and anguish for fair Eilinel

who drooped alone, what tale shall tell?

Yet at the last, when many days

of brooding did his mind amaze,

55he found the servants of the king

and bade them to their master bring

a rebel who forgiveness sought,

if haply forgiveness might be bought

with tidings of Barahir the bold,

60and where his hidings and his hold

might best be found by night or day.

And thus sad Gorlim, led away

unto those dark deep-dolven halls,

before the knees of Morgoth falls,

65and puts his trust in that cruel heart

wherein no truth had ever part.

Quoth Morgoth: ‘Eilinel the fair

thou shalt most surely find, and there

where she doth dwell and wait for thee

70together shall ye ever be,

and sundered shall ye sigh no more.

Thus guerdon shall he have that bore

these tidings sweet, O traitor dear!

For Eilinel she dwells not here,

75but in the shades of death doth roam

widowed of husband and of home—

a wraith of that which might have been,

methinks, it is that thou hast seen!

Now shalt thou through the gates of pain

80the land thou askest grimly gain;

thou shalt to the moonless mists of hell

descend and seek thy Eilinel.’

Thus Gorlim died a bitter death

and cursed himself with dying breath,

85and Barahir was caught and slain,

and all good deeds were made in vain.

But Morgoth’s guile for ever failed,

nor wholly o’er his foes prevailed;

and some were ever that still fought

90unmaking that which malice wrought.

Thus Men believed that Morgoth made

the fiendish phantom that betrayed

the soul of Gorlim, and so brought

the lingering hope forlorn to nought

95that lived amid the lonely wood;

yet Beren had by fortune good

long hunted far afield that day,

and benighted in strange places lay

far from his fellows. In his sleep

100he felt a dreadful darkness creep

upon his heart, and thought the trees

were bare and bent in mournful breeze;

no leaves they had, but ravens dark

sat thick as leaves on bough and bark,

105and croaked, and as they croaked each neb

let fall a gout of blood; a web

unseen entwined him hand and limb,

until worn out, upon the rim

of stagnant pool he lay and shivered.

110There saw he that a shadow quivered

far out upon the water wan,

and grew to a faint form thereon

that glided o’er the silent lake

and coming slowly, softly spake

115and sadly said; ‘Lo! Gorlim here,

traitor betrayed, now stands! Nor fear,

but haste! For Morgoth’s fingers close

upon thy father’s throat. He knows

your secret tryst, your hidden lair’,

120and all the evil he laid bare

that he had done and Morgoth wrought.

Then Beren waking swiftly sought

his sword and bow, and sped like wind

that cuts with knives the branches thinned

125of autumn trees. At last he came,

his heart afire with burning flame,

where Barahir his father lay;

he came too late. At dawn of day

he found the homes of hunted men,

130a wooded island in the fen

and birds rose up in sudden cloud—

no fen-fowl were they crying loud.

The raven and the carrion-crow

sat in the alders all a-row;

135one croaked: ‘Ha! Beren comes too late’,

and answered all: ‘Too late! Too late!’

There Beren buried his father’s bones,

and piled a heap of boulder-stones,

and cursed the name of Morgoth thrice,

140but wept not, for his heart was ice.

Then over fen and field and mountain

he followed, till beside a fountain

upgushing hot from fires below

he found the slayers and his foe,

145the murderous soldiers of the king.

And one there laughed, and showed a ring

he took from Barahir’s dead hand.

‘This ring in far Beleriand,

now mark ye, mates,’ he said, ‘was wrought.

150Its like with gold could not be bought,

for this same Barahir I slew,

this robber fool, they say, did do

a deed of service long ago

for Felagund. It may be so;

155for Morgoth bade me bring it back,

and yet, methinks, he has no lack

of weightier treasure in his hoard.

Such greed befits not such a lord,

and I am minded to declare

160the hand of Barahir was bare!’

Yet as he spake an arrow sped;

with riven heart he crumpled dead.

Thus Morgoth loved that his own foe

should in his service deal the blow

165that punished the breaking of his word.

But Morgoth laughed not when he heard

that Beren like a wolf alone

sprang madly from behind a stone

amid that camp beside the well,

170and seized the ring, and ere the yell

of wrath and rage had left their throat

had fled his foes. His gleaming coat

was made of rings of steel no shaft

could pierce, a web of dwarvish craft;

175and he was lost in rock and thorn,

for in charméd hour was Beren born;

their hungry hunting never learned

the way his fearless feet had turned.

As fearless Beren was renowned,

180as man most hardy upon ground,

while Barahir yet lived and fought;

but sorrow now his soul had wrought

to dark despair, and robbed his life

of sweetness, that he longed for knife,

185or shaft, or sword, to end his pain,

and dreaded only thraldom’s chain.

Danger he sought and death pursued,

and thus escaped the fate he wooed,

and deeds of breathless wonder dared

190whose whispered glory widely fared,

and softly songs were sung at eve

of marvels he did once achieve

alone, beleaguered, lost at night

by mist or moon, or neath the light

195of the broad eye of day. The woods

that northward looked with bitter feuds

he filled and death for Morgoth’s folk;

his comrades were the beech and oak,

who failed him not, and many things

200with fur and fell and feathered wings;

and many spirits, that in stone

in mountains old and wastes alone,

do dwell and wander, were his friends.

Yet seldom well an outlaw ends,

205and Morgoth was a king more strong

than all the world has since in song

recorded, and his wisdom wide

slow and surely who him defied

did hem and hedge. Thus at the last

210must Beren flee the forest fast

and lands he loved where lay his sire

by reeds bewailed beneath the mire.

Beneath a heap of mossy stones

now crumble those once most mighty bones.

215but Beren flees the friendless North

one autumn night, and creeps him forth;

the leaguer of his watchful foes

he passes—silently he goes.

No more his hidden bowstring sings,

220no more his shaven arrow wings,

no more his hunted head doth lie

upon the heath beneath the sky.

The moon that looked amid the mist

upon the pines, the wind that hissed

225among the heather and the fern

found him no more. The stars that burn

about the North with silver fire

in frosty airs, the Burning Briar

that men did name in days long gone,

230were set behind his back, and shone

o’er land and lake and darkened hill,

forsaken fen and mountain rill.

His face was South from the Land of Dread

whence only evil pathways led,

235and only the feet of men most bold

might cross the Shadowy Mountains cold.

Their northern slopes were filled with woe,

with evil and with mortal foe;

their southern faces mounted sheer

240in rocky pinnacle and pier,

whose roots were woven with deceit

and washed with waters bitter-sweet.

There magic lurked in gulf and glen,

for far away beyond the ken

245of searching eyes, unless it were

from dizzy tower that pricked the air

where only eagles lived and cried,

might grey and gleaming be descried

Beleriand, Beleriand,

250the borders of the faëry land.

THE QUENTA NOLDORINWA

After the Sketch of the Mythology this text, which I will refer to as ‘the Quenta’, was the only complete and finished version of ‘The Silmarillion’ that my father achieved: a typescript that he made in (as seems certain) 1930. No preliminary drafts or outlines, if there were any, survive; but it is plain that for a good part of its length he had the Sketch before him. It is longer than the Sketch, and the ‘Silmarillion style’ has clearly appeared, but it remains a compression, a compendious account. In the sub-title it is said that it is ‘the brief history of the Noldoli or Gnomes’, drawn from the Book of Lost Tales which Eriol [Ælfwine] wrote. The long poems were of course now in being, substantial but massively unfinished, and my father was still working on The Lay of Leithian.

In the Quenta there emerges the major transformation of the legend of Beren and Lúthien by the entry of the Noldorin prince, Felagund, son of Finrod. To explain how this could come about I will give here a passage from this text, but a note on names is needed. The leader of the Noldor in the great journey of the Elves from Cuiviénen, the Water of Awakening in the furthest East, was Finwë; his three sons were Fëanor, Fingolfin, and Finrod, who was the father of Felagund. (Later the names were changed: The third son of Finwë became Finarfin, and Finrod the name of his son; but Finrod was also Felagund. This name meant ‘Lord of Caves’ or ‘Cave-hewer’ in the language of the Dwarves, for he was the founder of Nargothrond. The sister of Finrod Felagund was Galadriel.)

A PASSAGE EXTRACTED FROM THE QUENTA

This was the time that songs call the Siege of Angband. The swords of the Gnomes then fenced the earth from the ruin of Morgoth, and his power was shut behind the walls of Angband. The Gnomes boasted that never could he break their leaguer, and that none of his folk could ever pass to work evil in the ways of the world . . .

In those days Men came over the Blue Mountains into Beleriand, bravest and fairest of their race. Felagund it was that found them, and he was ever their friend. On a time he was the guest of Celegorm in the East, and rode a-hunting with him. But he became separated from the others, and at a time of night he came upon a dale in the western foothills of the Blue Mountains. There were lights in the dale and the sound of rugged song. Then Felagund marvelled, for the tongue of those songs was not the tongue of Eldar or of Dwarves. Nor was it the tongue of Orcs, though this at first he feared. There were camped the people of Bëor, a mighty warrior of Men, whose son was Barahir the bold. They were the first of Men to come into Beleriand . . .

That night Felagund went among the sleeping men of Bëor’s host and sat by their dying fires where none kept watch, and he took a harp which Bëor had laid aside, and he played music on it such as mortal ear had never heard, having learned the strains of music from the Dark-elves alone. Then men woke and listened and marvelled, for great wisdom was in that song, as well as beauty, and the heart grew wiser that listened to it. Thus came it that Men called Felagund, whom they met first of the Noldoli, Wisdom, and after him they called his race the Wise, whom we call the Gnomes.

Bëor lived till death with Felagund, and Barahir his son was the greatest friend of the sons of Finrod.

Now began the time of the ruin of the Gnomes. It was long before this was achieved, for great was their power grown, and they were very valiant, and their allies were many and bold, Dark-elves and Men.

But the tide of their fortune took a sudden turn. Long had Morgoth prepared his forces in secret. On a time of night at winter he let forth great rivers of flame that poured over all the plain before the Mountains of Iron and burned it to a desolate waste. Many of the Gnomes of Finrod’s sons perished in that burning, and the fumes of it wrought darkness and confusion among the foes of Morgoth. In the train of the fire came the black armies of the Orcs in numbers such as the Gnomes had never before seen or imagined. In this way Morgoth broke the leaguer of Angband and slew by the hands of the Orcs a great slaughter of the bravest of the besieging hosts. His enemies were scattered far and wide, Gnomes, Ilkorins and Men. Men he drove for the most part over the Blue Mountains, save the children of Bëor and of Hador who took refuge in Hithlum beyond the Shadowy Mountains, where as yet the Orcs came not in force. The Dark-elves fled south to Beleriand and beyond, but many went to Doriath, and the kingdom and power of Thingol grew great in that time, till he became a bulwark and a refuge of the Elves. The magics of Melian that were woven about the borders of Doriath fenced evil from his halls and realm.

The pine-forest Morgoth took and turned it into a place of dread, and the watchtower of Sirion he took and made it into a stronghold of evil and of menace. There dwelt Thû the chief servant of Morgoth, sorcerer of dreadful power, the lord of wolves. Heaviest had the burden of that dreadful battle, the second battle and the first defeat of the Gnomes, fallen upon the sons of Finrod. There were Angrod and Egnor slain. There too would Felagund have been taken or slain, but Barahir came up with all his men and saved the Gnomish king and made a wall of spears about him; and though grievous was their loss they fought their way from the Orcs and fled to the fens of Sirion to the South. There Felagund swore an oath of undying friendship and aid in time of need to Barahir and all his kin and seed, and in token of his vow he gave to Barahir his ring.

Then Felagund went South, and on the banks of Narog established after the manner of Thingol a hidden and cavernous city and a realm. Those deep places were called Nargothrond. There came Orodreth [son of Finrod, brother of Felagund] after a time of breathless flight and perilous wanderings, and with him Celegorm and Curufin, the sons of Fëanor, his friends. The people of Celegorm swelled the strength of Felagund, but it would have been better if they had gone rather to their own kin, who fortified the hill of Himling east of Doriath and filled the Gorge of Aglon with hidden arms . . .

In these days of doubt and fear, after the [Battle of Sudden Flame], many dreadful things befell of which but few are here told. It is told that Bëor was slain and Barahir yielded not to Morgoth, but all his land was won from him and his people scattered, enslaved or slain, and he himself went in outlawry with his son Beren and ten faithful men. Long they hid and did secret and valiant deeds of war against the Orcs. But in the end, as is told in the beginning of the lay of Lúthien and Beren, the hiding place of Barahir was betrayed, and he was slain and his comrades, all save Beren who by fortune was that day hunting afar. Thereafter Beren lived an outlaw alone, save for the help he had from birds and beasts which he loved; and seeking for death in desperate deeds found it not, but glory and renown in the secret songs of fugitives and hidden enemies of Morgoth, so that the tale of his deeds came even to Beleriand, and was rumoured in Doriath. At length Beren fled south from the ever-closing circle of those that hunted him, and crossed the dreadful Mountains of Shadow, and came at last worn and haggard into Doriath. There in secret he won the love of Lúthien daughter of Thingol, and he named her Tinúviel, the nightingale, because of the beauty of her singing in the twilight beneath the trees; for she was the daughter of Melian.

But Thingol was wroth and he dismissed him in scorn, but did not slay him because he had sworn an oath to his daughter. But he desired nonetheless to send him to his death. And he thought in his heart of a quest that could not be achieved, and he said: If thou bring me a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth, I will let Lúthien wed thee, if she will. And Beren vowed to achieve this, and went from Doriath to Nargothrond bearing the ring of Barahir. The quest of the Silmaril there aroused the oath from sleep that the sons of Fëanor had sworn, and evil began to grow from it. Felagund, though he knew the quest to be beyond his power, was willing to lend all his aid to Beren, because of his own oath to Barahir. But Celegorm and Curufin dissuaded his people and roused up rebellion against him. And evil thoughts awoke in their hearts, and they thought to usurp the throne of Nargothrond, because they were sons of the eldest line. Rather than a Silmaril should be won and given to Thingol, they would ruin the power of Doriath and Nargothrond.

So Felagund gave his crown to Orodreth and departed from his people with Beren and ten faithful men of his own board. They waylaid an Orc-band and slew them, and disguised themselves by the aid of Felagund’s magic as Orcs. But they were seen by Thû from his watchtower, which once had been Felagund’s own, and were questioned by him, and their magic was overthrown in a contest between Thû and Felagund. Thus they were revealed as Elves, but the spells of Felagund concealed their names and quest. Long were they tortured in the dungeons of Thû, but none betrayed the other.

The oath referred to at the end of this passage was sworn by Fëanor and his seven sons, in the words of the Quenta, ‘to pursue with hate and vengeance to the ends of the world Vala, Demon, Elf, or Man, or Orc who hold or take or keep a Silmaril against their will.’ See pp. 117–18, lines 171–80.

A SECOND EXTRACT FROM THE LAY OF LEITHIAN

I give now a further passage of The Lay of Leithian (see pp. 91, 93) telling the story that has just been given in its very compressed form in the Quenta. I take up the poem where the Siege of Angband was ended in what was later called the Battle of Sudden Flame. According to the dates that my father wrote on the manuscript the whole passage was composed in March–April 1928. At line 246 Canto VI of the Lay ends and Canto VII begins.

An end there came, when fortune turned

and flames of Morgoth’s vengeance burned,

and all the might which he prepared

in secret in his fastness flared

5and poured across the Thirsty Plain;

and armies black were in his train.

The leaguer of Angband Morgoth broke;

his enemies in fire and smoke

were scattered, and the Orcs there slew,

10and slew, until the blood like dew

dripped from each cruel and crooked blade.

Then Barahir the bold did aid

with mighty spear, with shield and men,

Felagund wounded. To the fen

15escaping, there they bound their troth,

and Felagund deeply swore an oath

of friendship to his kin and seed

of love and succour in time of need.

But there of Finrod’s children four

20were Angrod slain and proud Egnor.

Felagund and Orodreth then

gathered the remnant of their men,

their maidens and their children fair;

forsaking war they made their lair

25and cavernous hold far in the south.

On Narog’s towering bank its mouth

was opened; which they hid and veiled,

and mighty doors, that unassailed

till Túrin’s day stood vast and grim,

30they built by trees o’ershadowed dim.

And with them dwelt a long time there

Curufin, and Celegorm the fair;

and a mighty folk grew neath their hands

in Narog’s secret halls and lands.

35Thus Felagund in Nargothrond

still reigned, a hidden king whose bond

was sworn to Barahir the bold.

And now his son through forests cold

wandered alone as in a dream.

40Esgalduin’s dark and shrouded stream

he followed, till its waters frore

were joined to Sirion, Sirion hoar,

pale silver water wide and free

rolling in splendour to the sea.

45Now Beren came unto the pools,

wide shallow meres where Sirion cools

his gathered tide beneath the stars,

ere chafed and sundered by the bars

of reedy banks a mighty fen

50he feeds and drenches, plunging then

into vast chasms underground,

where many miles his way is wound.

Umboth-Muilin, Twilight Meres,

those great wide waters grey as tears

55the Elves then named. Through driving rain

from thence across the Guarded Plain

the Hills of the Hunters Beren saw

with bare tops bitten bleak and raw

by western winds, but in the mist

60of streaming rains that flashed and hissed

into the meres he knew there lay

beneath those hills the cloven way

of Narog, and the watchful halls

of Felagund beside the falls

65of Ingwil tumbling from the wold.

An everlasting watch they hold,

the Gnomes of Nargothrond renowned,

and every hill is tower-crowned,

where wardens sleepless peer and gaze

70guarding the plain and all the ways

between Narog swift and Sirion pale;

and archers whose arrows never fail

there range the woods, and secret kill

all who creep thither against their will.

75Yet now he thrusts into that land

bearing the gleaming ring on hand

of Felagund, and oft doth cry:

‘Here comes no wandering Orc or spy,

but Beren son of Barahir

80who once to Felagund was dear.’

So ere he reached the eastward shore

of Narog, that doth foam and roar

o’er boulders black, those archers green

came round him. When the ring was seen

85they bowed before him, though his plight

was poor and beggarly. Then by night

they led him northward, for no ford

nor bridge was built where Narog poured

before the gates of Nargothrond,

90and friend nor foe might pass beyond.

To northward, where that stream yet young

more slender flowed, below the tongue

of foam-splashed land that Ginglith pens

when her brief golden torrent ends

95and joins the Narog, there they wade.

Now swiftest journey thence they made

to Nargothrond’s sheer terraces

and dim gigantic palaces.

They came beneath a sickle moon

100to doors there darkly hung and hewn

with posts and lintels of ponderous stone

and timbers huge. Now open thrown

were gaping gates, and in they strode

where Felagund on throne abode.

105Fair were the words of Narog’s king

to Beren, and his wandering

and all his feuds and bitter wars

recounted soon. Behind closed doors

they sat, while Beren told his tale

110of Doriath; and words him fail

recalling Lúthien dancing fair

with wild white roses in her hair,

remembering her elven voice that rung

while stars in twilight round her hung.

115He spake of Thingol’s marvellous halls

by enchantment lit, where fountain falls

and ever the nightingale doth sing

to Melian and to her king.

The quest he told that Thingol laid

120in scorn on him; how for love of maid

more fair than ever was born to Men,

of Tinúviel, of Lúthien,

he must essay the burning waste,

and doubtless death and torment taste.

125This Felagund in wonder heard,

and heavily spoke at last this word:

‘It seems that Thingol doth desire

thy death. The everlasting fire

of those enchanted jewels all know

130is cursed with an oath of endless woe,

and Fëanor’s sons alone by right

are lords and masters of their light.

He cannot hope within his hoard

to keep this gem, nor is he lord

135of all the folk of Elfinesse.

And yet thou saist for nothing less

can thy return to Doriath

be purchased? Many a dreadful path

in sooth there lies before thy feet—

140and after Morgoth, still a fleet

untiring hate, as I know well,

would hunt thee from heaven unto hell.

Fëanor’s sons would, if they could,

slay thee or ever thou reached his wood

145or laid in Thingol’s lap that fire,

or gained at least thy sweet desire.

Lo! Celegorm and Curufin

here dwell this very realm within,

and even though I, Finrod’s son,

150am king, a mighty power have won

and many of their own folk lead.

Friendship to me in every need

they yet have shown, but much I fear

that to Beren son of Barahir

155mercy or love they will not show

if once thy dreadful quest they know.’

True words he spoke. For when the king

to all his people told this thing,

and spake of the oath to Barahir,

160and how that mortal shield and spear

had saved them from Morgoth and from woe

on Northern battlefields long ago,

then many were kindled in their hearts

once more to battle. But up there starts

165amid the throng, and loudly cries

for hearing, one with flaming eyes,

proud Celegorm with gleaming hair

and shining sword. Then all men stare

upon his stern unyielding face,

170and a great hush falls upon that place.

‘Be he friend or foe, or demon wild

of Morgoth, Elf, or mortal child,

or any that here on earth may dwell,

no law, nor love, nor league of hell,

175no might of Gods, no binding spell,

shall him defend from hatred fell

of Fëanor’s sons, whoso take or steal

or finding keep a Silmaril.

These we alone do claim by right,

180our thrice enchanted jewels bright.’

Many wild and potent words he spoke,

and as before in Tûn awoke

his father’s voice their hearts to fire,

so now dark fear and brooding ire

185he cast on them, foreboding war

of friend with friend; and pools of gore

their minds imagined lying red

in Nargothrond about the dead,

did Narog’s host with Beren go;

190or haply battle, ruin, and woe

in Doriath where great Thingol reigned,

if Fëanor’s fatal jewel he gained.

And even such as were most true

to Felagund his oath did rue,

195and thought with terror and despair

of seeking Morgoth in his lair

with force or guile. This Curufin

when his brother ceased did then begin

more to impress upon their minds;

200and such a spell he on them binds

that never again till Túrin’s day

would Gnome of Narog in array

of open battle go to war.

With secrecy, ambush, spies and lore

205of wizardry, with silent leaguer

of wild things wary, watchful, eager,

of phantom hunters, venomed darts,

and unseen stealthy creeping arts,

with padding hatred that its prey

210with feet of velvet all the day

followed remorseless out of sight

and slew it unawares at night—

thus they defended Nargothrond,

and forgot their kin and solemn bond

215for dread of Morgoth that the art

of Curufin set within their heart.

So would they not that angry day

King Felagund their lord obey,

but sullen murmured that Finrod

220nor yet his son were as a god.

Then Felagund took off his crown

and at his feet he cast it down,

the silver helm of Nargothrond:

‘Yours ye may break, but I my bond

225must keep, and kingdom here forsake.

If hearts here were that did not quake,

or that to Finrod’s son were true,

then I at least should find a few

to go with me, not like a poor

230rejected beggar scorn endure,

turned from my gates to leave my town,

my people, and my realm and crown!’

Hearing these words there swiftly stood

beside him ten tried warriors good,

235men of his house who had ever fought

wherever his banners had been brought.

One stooped and lifted up his crown,

and said: ‘O king, to leave this town

is now our fate, but not to lose

240thy rightful lordship. Thou shalt choose

one to be steward in thy stead.’

Then Felagund upon the head

of Orodreth set it: ‘Brother mine,

till I return this crown is thine.’

245Then Celegorm no more would stay,

and Curufin smiled and turned away.

******

Thus twelve alone there ventured forth

from Nargothrond, and to the North

they turned their silent secret way,

250and vanished in the fading day.

No trumpet sounds, no voice there sings,

as robed in mail of cunning rings

now blackened dark with helmets grey

and sombre cloaks they steal away.

255Far-journeying Narog’s leaping course

they followed till they found his source,

the flickering falls, whose freshets sheer

a glimmering goblet glassy-clear

with crystal waters fill that shake

260and quiver down from Ivrin’s lake,

from Ivrin’s mere that mirrors dim

the pallid faces bare and grim

of Shadowy Mountains neath the moon.

Now far beyond the realm immune

265from Orc and demon and the dread

of Morgoth’s might their ways had led.

In woods o’er shadowed by the heights

they watched and waited many nights,

till on a time when hurrying cloud

270did moon and constellation shroud,

and winds of autumn’s wild beginning

soughed in the boughs, and leaves went spinning

down the dark eddies rustling soft,

they heard a murmur hoarsely waft

275from far, a croaking laughter coming;

now louder; now they heard the drumming

of hideous stamping feet that tramp

the weary earth. Then many a lamp

of sullen red they saw draw near,

280swinging, and glistening on spear

and scimitar. There hidden nigh

they saw a band of Orcs go by

with goblin faces swart and foul.

Bats were about them, and the owl,

285the ghostly forsaken night-bird cried

from trees above. The voices died,

the laughter like clash of stone and steel

passed and faded. At their heel

the Elves and Beren crept more soft

290than foes stealing through a croft

in search of prey. Thus to the camp

lit by flickering fire and lamp

they stole, and counted sitting there

full thirty Orcs in the red flare

295of burning wood. Without a sound

they one by one stood silent round,

each in the shadow of a tree;

each slowly, grimly, secretly

bent then his bow and drew the string.

300Hark! how they sudden twang and sing,

when Felagund lets forth a cry;

and twelve Orcs sudden fall and die.

Then forth they leap casting their bows.

Out their bright swords, and swift their blows!

305The stricken Orcs now shriek and yell

as lost things deep in lightless hell.

Battle there is beneath the trees

bitter and swift, but no Orc flees;

there left their lives that wandering band

310and stained no more the sorrowing land

with rape and murder. Yet no song

of joy, or triumph over wrong,

the Elves there sang. In peril sore

they were, for never alone to war

315so small an Orc-band went, they knew.

Swiftly the raiment off they drew

and cast the corpses in a pit.

This desperate counsel had the wit

of Felagund for them devised:

320as Orcs his comrades he disguised.

The poisoned spears, the bows of horn,

the crooked swords their foes had borne

they took; and loathing each him clad

in Angband’s raiment foul and sad.

325They smeared their hands and faces fair

with pigment dark; the matted hair

all lank and black from goblin head

they shore, and joined it thread by thread

with Gnomish skill. As each one leers

330at each dismayed, about his ears

he hangs it noisome, shuddering.

Then Felagund a spell did sing

of changing and of shifting shape;

their ears grew hideous, and agape

335their mouths did start, and like a fang

each tooth became, as slow he sang.

Their Gnomish raiment then they hid

and one by one behind him slid,

behind a foul and goblin thing

340that once was elven-fair and king.

Northward they went; and Orcs they met

who passed, nor did their going let,

but hailed them in greeting; and more bold

they grew as past the long miles rolled.

345At length they came with weary feet

beyond Beleriand. They found the fleet

young waters, rippling, silver-pale

of Sirion hurrying through that vale

where Taur-na-Fuin, Deadly Night,

350the trackless forest’s pine-clad height,

falls dark forbidding slowly down

upon the east, while westward frown

the northward-bending Mountains grey

and bar the westering light of day.

355An isléd hill there stood alone

amid the valley, like a stone

rolled from the mountains vast

when giants in tumult hurtled past.

Around its feet the river looped

360a stream divided, that had scooped

the hanging edges into caves.

There briefly shuddered Sirion’s waves

and ran to other shores more clean.

An elven watchtower had it been,

365and strong it was, and still was fair;

but now did grim with menace stare

one way to pale Beleriand,

the other to that mournful land

beyond the valley’s northern mouth.

370Thence could be glimpsed the fields of drouth,

the dusty dunes, the desert wide;

and further far could be descried

the brooding cloud that hangs and lowers

on Thangorodrim’s thunderous towers.

375Now in that hill was the abode

of one most evil; and the road

that from Beleriand thither came

he watched with sleepless eyes of flame.

Men called him Thû, and as a god

380in after days beneath his rod

bewildered bowed to him, and made

his ghastly temples in the shade.

Not yet by Men enthralled adored,

now was he Morgoth’s mightiest lord,

385Master of Wolves, whose shivering howl

for ever echoed in the hills, and foul

enchantments and dark sigaldry

did weave and wield. In glamoury

that necromancer held his hosts

390of phantoms and of wandering ghosts,

of misbegotten or spell-wronged

monsters that about him thronged,

working his bidding dark and vile:

the werewolves of the Wizard’s Isle.

395From Thû their coming was not hid

and though beneath the eaves they slid

of the forest’s gloomy-hanging boughs,

he saw them afar, and wolves did rouse:

‘Go! fetch me those sneaking Orcs,’ he said,

400‘that fare thus strangely, as if in dread,

and do not come, as all Orcs use

and are commanded, to bring me news

of all their deeds, to me, to Thû.’

From his tower he gazed, and in him grew

405suspicion and a brooding thought,

waiting, leering, till they were brought.

Now ringed about with wolves they stand,

and fear their doom. Alas! the land,

the land of Narog left behind!

410Foreboding evil weights their mind,

as downcast, halting, they must go

and cross the stony bridge of woe

to Wizard’s Isle, and to the throne

there fashioned of blood-darkened stone.

415‘Where have ye been? What have ye seen?’

‘In Elfinesse; and tears and distress,

the fire blowing and the blood flowing,

these have we seen, there have we been.

Thirty we slew and their bodies threw

420in a dark pit. The ravens sit

and the owl cries where our swath lies.’

‘Come, tell me true, O Morgoth’s thralls,

what then in Elfinesse befalls?

What of Nargothrond? Who reigneth there?

425Into that realm did your feet dare?’

‘Only its borders did we dare.

There reigns King Felagund the fair.’

‘Then heard ye not that he is gone,

that Celegorm sits his throne upon?’

430‘That is not true! If he is gone,

then Orodreth sits his throne upon.’

‘Sharp are your ears, swift have they got

tidings of realms ye entered not!

What are your names, O spearmen bold?

435Who your captain, ye have not told.’

‘Nereb and Dungalef and warriors ten,

so we are called, and dark our den

under the mountains. Over the waste

we march on an errand of need and haste.

440Boldog the captain awaits us there

where fires from under smoke and flare.’

‘Boldog, I heard, was lately slain

warring on the borders of that domain

where Robber Thingol and outlaw folk

445cringe and crawl beneath elm and oak

in drear Doriath. Heard ye not then

of that pretty fay, of Lúthien?

Her body is fair, very white and fair.

Morgoth would possess her in his lair.

450Boldog he sent, but Boldog was slain:

strange ye were not in Boldog’s train.

Nereb looks fierce, his frown is grim.

Little Lúthien! What troubles him?

Why laughs he not to think of his lord

455crushing a maiden in his hoard,

that foul should be what once was clean,

that dark should be where light has been?

Whom do ye serve, Light or Mirk?

Who is the maker of mightiest work?

460Who is the king of earthly kings,

the greatest giver of gold and rings?

Who is the master of the wide earth?

Who despoiled them of their mirth,

the greedy Gods! Repeat your vows,

465Orcs of Bauglir! Do not bend your brows!

Death to light, to law, to love!

Cursed be moon and stars above!

May darkness everlasting old

that waits outside in surges cold

470drown Manwë, Varda, and the sun!

May all in hatred be begun

and all in evil ended be,

in the moaning of the endless Sea!’

But no true Man nor Elf yet free

475would ever speak that blasphemy,

and Beren muttered: ‘Who is Thû

to hinder work that is to do?

Him we serve not, nor to him owe

obeisance, and we now would go.’

480Thû laughed: ‘Patience! Not very long

shall ye abide. But first a song

I will sing to you, to ears intent.’

Then his flaming eyes he on them bent

and darkness black fell round them all.

485Only they saw as through a pall

of eddying smoke those eyes profound

in which their senses choked and drowned.

He chanted a song of wizardry,

of piercing, opening, of treachery,

490revealing, uncovering, betraying.

Then sudden Felagund there swaying

sang in answer a song of staying,

resisting, battling against power,

of secrets kept, strength like a tower,

500and trust unbroken, freedom, escape;

of changing and of shifting shape,

of snares eluded, broken traps,

the prison opening, the chain that snaps.

Backwards and forwards swayed their song.

505Reeling and foundering, as ever more strong

Thû’s chanting swelled, Felagund fought,

and all the magic and might he brought

of Elfinesse into his words.

Softly in the gloom they heard the birds

510singing afar in Nargothrond,

the sighing of the sea beyond,

beyond the western world, on sand,

on sand of pearls in Elvenland.

Then the gloom gathered: darkness growing

515in Valinor, the red blood flowing

beside the sea, where the Gnomes slew

the Foamriders, and stealing drew

their white ships with their white sails

from lamplit havens. The wind wails.

520The wolf howls. The ravens flee.

The ice mutters in the mouths of the sea.

The captives sad in Angband mourn.

Thunder rumbles, the fires burn,

a vast smoke gushes out, a roar—

525and Felagund swoons upon the floor.

Behold! they are in their own fair shape,

fairskinned, brighteyed. No longer gape

Orclike their mouths; and now they stand

betrayed into the wizard’s hand.

530Thus came they unhappy into woe,

to dungeons no hope nor glimmer know,

where chained in chains that eat the flesh

and woven in webs of strangling mesh

they lay forgotten, in despair.

535Yet not all unavailing were

the spells of Felagund; for Thû

neither their names nor purpose knew.

These much he pondered and bethought,

and in their woeful chains them sought,

540and threatened all with dreadful death,

if one would not with traitor’s breath

reveal this knowledge. Wolves should come

and slow devour them one by one

before the others’ eyes, and last

545should one alone be left aghast,

then in a place of horror hung

with anguish should his limbs be wrung,

in the bowels of the earth be slow

endlessly, cruelly, put to woe

550and torment, till he all declared.

Even as he threatened, so it fared.

From time to time in the eyeless dark

two eyes would grow, and they would hark

to frightful cries, and then a sound

555of rending, a slavering on the ground,

and blood flowing they would smell.

But none would yield, and none would tell.

Here Canto VII ends. I return now to the Quenta, and take it up from the words ‘Long were they tortured in the dungeons of Thû, but none betrayed the other’ with which the previous extract ends (p. 110); and as previously I follow the Quenta account with the vastly different passage in the Lay.

A FURTHER EXTRACT FROM THE QUENTA

In the meanwhile Lúthien, learning by the far sight of Melian that Beren had fallen into the power of Thû, sought in her despair to fly from Doriath. This became known to Thingol, who imprisoned her in a house in the tallest of his mighty beeches far above the ground. How she escaped and came into the woods, and was found there by Celegorm as they hunted on the borders of Doriath, is told in The Lay of Leithian. They took her treacherously to Nargothrond, and Curufin the crafty became enamoured of her beauty. From her tale they learned that Felagund was in the hands of Thû; and they purposed to let him perish there, and keep Lúthien with them, and force Thingol to wed Lúthien to Curufin, and so build up their power and usurp Nargothrond and become the mightiest of the princes of the Gnomes. They did not think to go in search of the Silmarils, or suffer any others to do so, until they had all the power of the Elves beneath themselves and obedient to them. But their designs came to nought save estrangement and bitterness between the kingdoms of the Elves.

Huan was the name of the chief of the hounds of Celegorm. He was of immortal race from the hunting-lands of Oromë. Oromë gave him to Celegorm long before in Valinor, when Celegorm often rode in the train of the God and followed his horn. He came into the Great Lands with his master, and dart nor weapon, spell nor poison, could harm him, so that he went into battle with his lord and saved him many times from death. His fate had decreed that he should not meet death save at the hands of the mightiest wolf that should ever walk the world.

Huan was true of heart, and he loved Lúthien from the hour that he first found her in the woods and brought her to Celegorm. His heart was grieved by his master’s treachery, and he set Lúthien free and went with her to the North.

There Thû slew his captives one by one, till only Felagund and Beren were left. When the hour for Beren’s death came Felagund put forth all his power, and burst his bonds, and wrestled with the werewolf that came to slay Beren; and he killed the wolf, but was himself slain in the dark. There Beren mourned in despair, and waited for death. But Lúthien came and sang outside the dungeons. Thus she beguiled Thû to come forth, for the fame of the loveliness of Lúthien had gone through all lands and the wonder of her song. Even Morgoth desired her, and had promised the greatest reward to any who could capture her. Each wolf that Thû sent Huan slew silently, till Draugluin the greatest of his wolves came. Then there was fierce battle, and Thû knew that Lúthien was not alone. But he remembered the fate of Huan, and he made himself the greatest wolf that had yet walked the world, and came forth. But Huan overthrew him, and won from him the keys and the spells that held together his enchanted walls and towers. So the stronghold was broken and the towers thrown down and the dungeons opened. Many captives were released, but Thû flew in bat’s form to Taur-na-Fuin. There Lúthien found Beren mourning beside Felagund. She healed his sorrow and the wasting of his imprisonment, but Felagund they buried on the top of his own island hill, and Thû came there no more.

Then Huan returned to his master, and less was the love between them after. Beren and Lúthien wandered careless in happiness until they came nigh to the borders of Doriath once more. There Beren remembered his vow, and bade Lúthien farewell, but she would not be sundered from him. In Nargothrond there was tumult. For Huan and many of the captives of Thû brought back the tidings of the deeds of Lúthien, and the death of Felagund, and the treachery of Celegorm and Curufin was laid bare. It is said they had sent a secret embassy to Thingol ere Lúthien escaped, but Thingol in wrath had sent their letters back by his own servants to Orodreth. Wherefore now the hearts of the people of Narog turned back to the house of Finrod, and they mourned their king Felagund whom they had forsaken, and they did the bidding of Orodreth.

But he would not suffer them to slay the sons of Fëanor as they wished. Instead he banished them from Nargothrond, and swore that little love should there be between Narog and any of the sons of Fëanor thereafter. And so it was.

Celegorm and Curufin were riding in haste and wrath through the woods to find their way to Himling when they came upon Beren and Lúthien, even as Beren sought to part from his love. They rode down on them, and recognizing them tried to trample Beren under their hooves.

But Curufin lifted Lúthien to his saddle. Then befell the leap of Beren, the greatest leap of mortal Men. For he sprang like a lion right upon the speeding horse of Curufin, and grasped him about the throat, and horse and rider fell in confusion upon the earth, but Lúthien was flung far off and lay dazed upon the ground. There Beren choked Curufin, but his death was very nigh from Celegorm, who rode back with his spear. In that hour Huan forsook the service of Celegorm, and sprang upon him so that his horse swerved aside, and no man for fear of the terror of the great hound dared go nigh. Lúthien forbade the death of Curufin, but Beren despoiled him of his horse and weapons, chief of which was his famous knife, made by the Dwarves. It would cut iron like wood. Then the brothers rode off, but shot back at Huan treacherously and at Lúthien. Huan they did not hurt, but Beren sprang before Lúthien and was wounded, and Men remembered that wound against the sons of Fëanor, when it became known.

Huan stayed with Lúthien, and hearing of their perplexity and the purpose Beren had still to go to Angband, he went and fetched them from the ruined halls of Thû a werewolf’s coat and a bat’s. Three times only did Huan speak with the tongue of Elves or Men. The first was when he came to Lúthien in Nargothrond. This was the second, when he devised the desperate counsel for their quest. So they rode North, till they could no longer go on horse in safety. Then they put on the garments as of wolf and bat, and Lúthien in guise of evil fay rode upon the werewolf.

In The Lay of Leithian is all told how they came to Angband’s gate, and found it newly guarded, for rumour of he knew not what design abroad among the Elves had come to Morgoth. Wherefore he fashioned the mightiest of all wolves, Carcharas Knife-fang, to sit at the gates. But Lúthien set him in spells, and they won their way to the presence of Morgoth, and Beren slunk beneath his chair. Then Lúthien dared the most dreadful and most valiant deed that any of the Elves have ever dared; no less than the challenge of Fingolfin is it accounted, and may be greater, save that she was half-divine. She cast off her disguise and named her own name, and feigned that she was brought captive by the wolves of Thû. And she beguiled Morgoth, even as his heart plotted foul evil within him; and she danced before him, and cast all his court in sleep; and she sang to him, and she flung the magic robe she had woven in Doriath in his face, and she set a binding dream upon him—what song can sing the marvel of that deed, or the wrath and humiliation of Morgoth, for even the Orcs laugh in secret when they remember it, telling how Morgoth fell from his chair and his iron crown rolled upon the floor.

Then forth leaped Beren casting aside the wolvish robe, and drew out the knife of Curufin. With that he cut forth a Silmaril. But daring more he essayed to gain them all. Then the knife of the treacherous Dwarves snapped, and the ringing sound of it stirred the sleeping hosts and Morgoth groaned. Terror seized the hearts of Beren and Lúthien, and they fled down the dark ways of Angband. The doors were barred by Carcharas, now aroused from the spell of Lúthien. Beren set himself before Lúthien, which proved ill; for ere she could touch the wolf with her robe or speak word of magic, he sprang upon Beren, who now had no weapon. With his right he smote at the eyes of Carcharas, but the wolf took the hand into his jaws and bit it off. Now that hand held the Silmaril. Then was the maw of Carcharas burned with a fire of anguish and torment, when the Silmaril touched his evil flesh; and he fled howling from before them, so that all the mountains shuddered, and the madness of the wolf of Angband was of all the horrors that ever came into the North the most dire and terrible. Hardly did Lúthien and Beren escape, ere all Angband was aroused.

Of their wanderings and despair, and of the healing of Beren, who ever since has been called Beren Ermabwed the One-handed, of their rescue by Huan, who had vanished suddenly from them ere they came to Angband, and of their coming to Doriath once more, here there is little to tell. But in Doriath many things had befallen. Ever things had gone ill there since Lúthien fled away. Grief had fallen on all the people and silence on their songs when their hunting found her not. Long was the search, and in searching Dairon the piper of Doriath was lost, who loved Lúthien before Beren came to Doriath. He was the greatest of the musicians of the Elves, save Maglor son of Fëanor, and Tinfang Warble. But he came never back to Doriath and strayed into the East of the world.

Assaults too there were on Doriath’s borders, for rumours that Lúthien was astray had reached Angband. Boldog the captain of the Orcs was there slain in battle by Thingol, and his great warriors Beleg the Bowman and Mablung Heavyhand were with Thingol in that battle. Thus Thingol learned that Lúthien was yet free of Morgoth, but that he knew of her wandering; and Thingol was filled with fear. In the midst of his fear came the embassy of Celegorm in secret, and said that Beren was dead, and Felagund, and Lúthien was at Nargothrond. Then Thingol found it in his heart to regret the death of Beren, and his wrath was aroused at the hinted treachery of Celegorm to the house of Finrod, and because he kept Lúthien and did not send her home. Wherefore he sent spies into the land of Nargothrond and prepared for war. But he learned that Lúthien had fled and that Celegorm and his brother were gone to Aglon. So now he sent an embassy to Aglon, since his might was not great enough to fall upon all the seven brothers, nor was his quarrel with others than Celegorm and Curufin. But this embassy journeying in the woods met with the onslaught of Carcharas. That great wolf had run in madness through all the woods of the North, and death and devastation went with him. Mablung alone escaped to bear the news of his coming to Thingol. Of fate, or the magic of the Silmaril that he bore to his torment, he was not stayed by the spells of Melian, but burst into the inviolate woods of Doriath, and far and wide terror and destruction was spread.

Even as the sorrows of Doriath were at their worst came Lúthien and Beren and Huan back to Doriath. Then the heart of Thingol was lightened, but he looked not with love upon Beren in whom he saw the cause of all his woes. When he had learned how Beren had escaped from Thû he was amazed, but he said: ‘Mortal, what of thy quest and of thy vow?’ Then said Beren: ‘Even now I have a Silmaril in my hand.’ ‘Show it to me,’ said Thingol. ‘That I cannot,’ said Beren, ‘for my hand is not here.’ And all the tale he told, and made clear the cause of the madness of Carcharas, and Thingol’s heart was softened by his brave words, and his forbearance, and the great love that he saw between his daughter and this most valiant Man.

Now therefore did they plan the wolf-hunt of Carcharas. In that hunt was Huan and Thingol and Mablung and Beleg and Beren and no more. And here the sad tale of it must be short, for it is elsewhere told more fully. Lúthien remained behind in foreboding, as they went forth; and well she might, for Carcharas was slain, but Huan died in the same hour, and he died to save Beren. Yet Beren was hurt to the death, but lived to place the Silmaril in the hands of Thingol, when Mablung had cut it from the belly of the wolf. Then he spoke not again, until they had borne him with Huan at his side back to the doors of Thingol’s halls. There beneath the beech, wherein before she had been imprisoned, Lúthien met them, and kissed Beren ere his spirit departed to the halls of awaiting. So ended the long tale of Lúthien and Beren. But not yet was The Lay of Leithian, release from bondage, told in full. For it has long been said that Lúthien failed and faded swiftly and vanished from the earth, though some songs say that Melian summoned Thorondor, and he bore her living unto Valinor. And she came to the halls of Mandos, and she sang to him a tale of moving love so fair that he was moved to pity, as never has befallen since. Beren he summoned, and thus, as Lúthien had sworn as she kissed him at the hour of death, they met beyond the western sea. And Mandos suffered them to depart, but he said that Lúthien should become mortal even as her lover, and should leave the earth once more in the manner of mortal women, and her beauty become but a memory of song. So it was, but it is said that in recompense Mandos gave to Beren and to Lúthien thereafter a long span of life and joy, and they wandered knowing thirst nor cold in the fair land of Beleriand, and no mortal Man thereafter spoke to Beren or his spouse.

THE NARRATIVE IN THE LAY OF LEITHIAN TO ITS TERMINATION

This substantial portion of the poem takes up from the last line of Canto VII in The Lay of Leithian (‘But none would yield, and none would tell’, p. 132), and the opening of Canto VIII corresponds to the very compressed account in the Quenta (p. 133) of the confinement of Lúthien in Nargothrond, imposed on her by Celegorm and Curufin and from which she was rescued by Huan, whose origin is told. A line of asterisks in the text of the Lay marks the start of a further Canto; Canto IX at line 329; Canto X at line 619; Canto XI at line 1009; Canto XII at line 1301; Canto XIII at line 1603; and Canto XIV, the last, at line 1939.

Hounds there were in Valinor

with silver collars. Hart and boar,

the fox and hare and nimble roe

there in the forests green did go.

5Oromë was the lord divine

of all those woods. The potent wine

went in his halls and hunting song.

The Gnomes anew have named him long

Tavros, the God whose horns did blow

10over the mountains long ago;

who alone of Gods had loved the world

before the banners were unfurled

of Moon and Sun; and shod with gold

were his great horses. Hounds untold

15baying in woods beyond the West

of race immortal he possessed:

grey and limber, black and strong

white with silken coats and long,

brown and brindled, swift and true

20as arrow from a bow of yew;

their voices like the deeptoned bells

that ring in Valmar’s citadels,

their eyes like living jewels, their teeth

like ruel-bone. As sword from sheath

25they flashed and fled from leash to scent

for Tavros’ joy and merriment.

In Tavros’ friths and pastures green

had Huan once a young whelp been.

He grew the swiftest of the swift

30and Oromë gave him as a gift

to Celegorm, who loved to follow

the great god’s horn o’er hill and hollow.

Alone of hounds of the Land of Light,

when sons of Fëanor took to flight

35and came into the North, he stayed

beside his master. Every raid

and every foray wild he shared,

and into mortal battle dared.

Often he saved his Gnomish lord

40from Orc and wolf and leaping sword.

A wolf-hound, tireless, grey and fierce

he grew; his gleaming eyes would pierce

all shadows and all mist, the scent

moons old he found through fen and bent,

45through rustling leaves and dusty sand;

all paths of wide Beleriand

he knew. But wolves, he loved them best;

he loved to find their throats and wrest

their snarling lives and evil breath.

50The packs of Thû him feared as death.

No wizardry, nor spell, nor dart,

no fang, nor venom devil’s art

could brew had harmed him; for his weird

was woven. Yet he little feared

55that fate decreed and known to all:

before the mightiest he should fall,

before the mightiest wolf alone

that ever was whelped in cave of stone.

Hark! afar in Nargothrond,

60far over Sirion and beyond,

there are dim cries and horns blowing,

and barking hounds through the trees going.

The hunt is up, the woods are stirred.

Who rides to-day? Ye have not heard

65that Celegorm and Curufin

have loosed their dogs? With merry din

they mounted ere the sun arose,

and took their spears and took their bows.

The wolves of Thû of late have dared

70both far and wide. Their eyes have glared

by night across the roaring stream

of Narog. Doth their master dream,

perchance, of plots and counsels deep,

of secrets that the Elf-lords keep,

75of movements in the Gnomish realm

and errands under beech and elm?

Curufin spake: ‘Good brother mine,

I like it not. What dark design

doth this portend? These evil things

80we swift must end their wanderings!

And more, ’twould please my heart full well

to hunt a while and wolves to fell.’

And then he leaned and whispered low

that Orodreth was a dullard slow;

85long time it was since the king had gone,

and rumour or tidings came there none.

‘At least thy profit it would be

to know whether dead he is or free;

to gather thy men and thy array.

90“I go to hunt” then thou wilt say,

and men will think that Narog’s good

ever thou heedest. But in the wood

things may be learned; and if by grace,

by some blind fortune he retrace

95his footsteps mad, and if he bear

a Silmaril—I need declare

no more in words; but one by right

is thine (and ours), the jewel of light;

another may be won—a throne.

100The eldest blood our house doth own.’

Celegorm listened. Nought he said,

but forth a mighty host he led;

and Huan leaped at the glad sounds,

the chief and captain of his hounds.

105Three days they ride by holt and hill

the wolves of Thû to hunt and kill,

and many a head and fell of grey

they take, and many drive away,

till nigh to the borders in the West

110of Doriath a while they rest.

There were dim cries and horns blowing,

and barking dogs through the woods going.

The hunt was up. The woods were stirred,

and one there fled like a startled bird,

115and fear was in her dancing feet.

She knew not who the woods did beat.

Far from her home, forwandered, pale,

she flitted ghostlike through the vale;

ever her heart bade her up and on

120but her limbs were worn, her eyes were wan.

The eyes of Huan saw a shade

wavering, darting down a glade

like a mist of evening snared by day

and hasting fearfully away.

125He bayed, and sprang with sinewy limb

to chase the shy thing strange and dim.

On terror’s wings, like a butterfly

pursued by a sweeping bird on high,

she fluttered hither, darted there,

130now poised, now flying through the air—

in vain. At last against a tree

she leaned and panted. Up leaped he.

No word of magic gasped with woe,

no elvish mystery she did know

135or had entwined in raiment dark

availed against that hunter stark,

whose old immortal race and kind

no spells could ever turn or bind.

Huan alone that she ever met

140she never in enchantment set

nor bound with spells. But loveliness

and gentle voice and pale distress

and eyes like starlight dimmed with tears

tamed him that death nor monster fears.

145Lightly he lifted her, light he bore

his trembling burden. Never before

had Celegorm beheld such prey:

‘What hast thou brought, good Huan say!

Dark-elvish maid, or wraith, or fay?

150Not such to hunt we came today.’

‘’Tis Lúthien of Doriath,’

the maiden spake. ‘A wandering path

far from the Wood-elves’ sunny glades

she sadly winds, where courage fades

155and hope grows faint.’ And as she spoke

down she let slip her shadowy cloak,

and there she stood in silver and white.

Her starry jewels twinkled bright

in the risen sun like morning dew;

160the lilies gold on mantle blue

gleamed and glistened. Who could gaze

on that fair face without amaze?

Long did Curufin look and stare.

The perfume of her flower-twined hair

165her lissom limbs, her elvish face,

smote to his heart, and in that place

enchained he stood. ‘O maiden royal,

O lady fair, wherefore in toil

and lonely journey dost thou go?

170What tidings dread of war and woe

in Doriath have betid? Come tell!

For fortune thee hath guided well;

friends thou hast found,’ said Celegorm,

and gazed upon her elvish form.

175In his heart him thought her tale unsaid

he knew in part, but nought she read

of guile upon his smiling face.

‘Who are ye then, the lordly chase

that follow in this perilous wood?’

180she asked; and answer seeming-good

they gave. ‘Thy servants, lady sweet,

lords of Nargothrond thee greet,

and beg that thou wouldst with them go

back to their hills, forgetting woe

185a season, seeking hope and rest.

And now to hear thy tale were best.’

So Lúthien tells of Beren’s deeds

in northern lands, how fate him leads

to Doriath, of Thingol’s ire,

190the dreadful errand that her sire

decreed for Beren. Sign nor word

the brothers gave that aught they heard

that touched them near. Of her escape

and the marvellous mantle she did shape

195she lightly tells, but words her fail

recalling sunlight in the vale,

moonlight, starlight in Doriath,

ere Beren took the perilous path.

‘Need, too, my lords, there is of haste!

200No time in ease and rest to waste.

For days are gone now since the queen

Melian whose heart hath vision keen,

looking afar me said in fear

that Beren lived in bondage drear.

205The Lord of Wolves hath prisons dark,

chains and enchantments cruel and stark,

and there entrapped and languishing

doth Beren lie—if direr thing

hath not brought death or wish for death’:

210then gasping woe bereft her breath.

To Celegorm said Curufin

apart and low: ‘Now news we win

of Felagund, and now we know

wherefore Thû’s creatures prowling go’,

215and other whispered counsels spake,

and showed him what answer he should make.

‘Lady,’ said Celegorm, ‘thou seest

we go a-hunting roaming beast,

and though our host is great and bold,

220’tis ill prepared the wizard’s hold

and island fortress to assault.

Deem not our hearts and wills at fault.

Lo! here our chase we now forsake

and home our swiftest road we take,

225counsel and aid there to devise

for Beren that in anguish lies.’

To Nargothrond they with them bore

Lúthien, whose heart misgave her sore.

Delay she feared; each moment pressed

230upon her spirit, yet she guessed

they rode not as swiftly as they might.

Ahead leaped Huan day and night,

and ever looking back his thought

was troubled. What his master sought,

235and why he rode not like the fire,

why Curufin looked with hot desire

on Lúthien, he pondered deep,

and felt some evil shadow creep

of ancient curse o’er Elfinesse.

240His heart was torn for the distress

of Beren bold, and Lúthien dear,

and Felagund who knew no fear.

In Nargothrond the torches flared

and feast and music were prepared.

245Lúthien feasted not but wept.

Her ways were trammelled; closely kept

she might not fly. Her magic cloak

was hidden, and no prayer she spoke

was heeded, nor did answer find

250her eager questions. Out of mind,

it seemed, were those afar that pined

in anguish and in dungeons blind

in prison and in misery.

Too late she knew their treachery.

255It was not hid in Nargothrond

that Fëanor’s sons her held in bond,

who Beren heeded not, and who

had little cause to wrest from Thû

the king they loved not and whose quest

260old vows of hatred in their breast

had roused from sleep. Orodreth knew

the purpose dark they would pursue:

King Felagund to leave to die,

and with King Thingol’s blood ally

265the house of Fëanor by force

or treaty. But to stay their course

he had no power, for all his folk

the brothers had yet beneath their yoke,

and all yet listened to their word.

270Orodreth’s counsel no man heard;

their shame they crushed, and would not heed

the tale of Felagund’s dire need.

At Lúthien’s feet there day by day

and at night beside her couch would stay

275Huan the hound of Nargothrond;

and words she spoke to him soft and fond:

‘O Huan, Huan, swiftest hound

that ever ran on mortal ground,

what evil doth thy lords possess

280to heed no tears nor my distress?

Once Barahir all men above

good hounds did cherish and did love;

once Beren in the friendless North,

when outlaw wild he wandered forth,

285had friends unfailing among things

with fur and fell and feathered wings,

and among the spirits that in stone

in mountains old and wastes alone

still dwell. But now nor Elf nor Man,

290none save the child of Melian,

remembers him who Morgoth fought

and never to thraldom base was brought.’

Nought said Huan; but Curufin

thereafter never near might win

295to Lúthien, nor touch that maid,

but shrank from Huan’s fangs afraid.

Then on a night when autumn damp

was swathed about the glimmering lamp

of the wan moon, and fitful stars

300were flying seen between the bars

of racing cloud, when winter’s horn

already wound in trees forlorn,

lo! Huan was gone. Then Lúthien lay,

fearing new wrong, till just ere day,

305when all is dead and breathless still

and shapeless fears the sleepless fill,

a shadow came along the wall.

Then something let there softly fall

her magic cloak beside her couch.

310Trembling she saw the great hound crouch

beside her, heard a deep voice swell

as from a tower a far slow bell.

Thus Huan spake, who never before

had uttered words, and but twice more

315did speak in elven tongue again:

‘Lady beloved, whom all Men,

whom Elfinesse, and whom all things

with fur and fell and feathered wings

should serve and love—arise! away!

320Put on thy cloak! Before the day

comes over Nargothrond we fly

to Northern perils, thou and I.’

And ere he ceased he counsel wrought

for achievement of the thing they sought.

325There Lúthien listened in amaze,

and softly on Huan did she gaze.

Her arms about his neck she cast—

in friendship that to death should last.

******

In Wizard’s Isle still lay forgot

330enmeshed and tortured in that grot

cold, evil, doorless, without light,

and blank-eyed stared at endless night

two comrades. Now alone they were.

The others lived no more, but bare

335their broken bones would lie and tell

how ten had served their master well.

To Felagund then Beren said:

‘’Twere little loss if I were dead,

and I am minded all to tell,

340and thus, perchance, from this dark hell

thy life to loose. I set thee free

from thine old oath, for more for me

hast thou endured than e’er was earned.’

‘A! Beren, Beren hast not learned

345that promises of Morgoth’s folk

are frail as breath. From this dark yoke

of pain shall neither ever go,

whether he learn our names or no,

with Thû’s consent. Nay more, I think

350yet deeper of torment we should drink,

knew he that son of Barahir

and Felagund were captive here,

and even worse if he should know

the dreadful errand we did go.’

355A devil’s laugh they ringing heard

within their pit. ‘True, true the word

I hear you speak,’ a voice then said.

‘’Twere little loss if he were dead,

the outlaw mortal. But the king,

360the Elf undying, many a thing

no man could suffer may endure.

Perchance, when what these walls immure

of dreadful anguish thy folk learn,

their king to ransom they will yearn

365with gold and gem and high hearts cowed;

or maybe Celegorm the proud

will deem a rival’s prison cheap,

and crown and gold himself will keep.

Perchance, the errand I shall know,

370ere all is done, that ye did go.

The wolf is hungry, the hour is nigh;

no more need Beren wait to die.’

The slow time passed. Then in the gloom

two eyes there glowed. He saw his doom,

375Beren, silent, as his bonds he strained

beyond his mortal might enchained.

Lo! sudden there was rending sound

of chains that parted and unwound,

of meshes broken. Forth there leaped

380upon the wolvish thing that crept

in shadow faithful Felagund,

careless of fang or mortal wound.

There in the dark they wrestled slow,

remorseless, snarling, to and fro,

385teeth in flesh, gripe on throat,

fingers locked in shaggy coat,

spurning Beren who there lying

heard the werewolf gasping, dying.

Then a voice he heard: ‘Farewell!

390On earth I need no longer dwell,

friend and comrade, Beren bold.

My heart is burst, my limbs are cold.

Here all my power I have spent

to break my bonds, and dreadful rent

395of poisoned teeth is in my breast.

I now must go to my long rest

neath Timbrenting in timeless halls

where drink the Gods, where the light falls

upon the shining sea.’ Thus died the king,

400as elvish harpers yet do sing.

There Beren lies. His grief no tear,

his despair no horror has nor fear,

waiting for footsteps, a voice, for doom.

Silences profounder than the tomb

405of long-forgotten kings, neath years

and sands uncounted laid on biers

and buried everlasting-deep,

slow and unbroken round him creep.

The silences were sudden shivered

410to silver fragments. Faint there quivered

a voice in song that walls of rock,

enchanted hill, and bar and lock,

and powers of darkness pierced with light.

He felt about him the soft night

415of many stars, and in the air

were rustlings and a perfume rare;

the nightingales were in the trees,

slim fingers flute and viol seize

beneath the moon, and one more fair

420than all there be or ever were

upon a lonely knoll of stone

in shimmering raiment danced alone.

Then in his dream it seemed he sang,

and loud and fierce his chanting rang,

425old songs of battle in the North,

of breathless deeds, of marching forth

to dare uncounted odds and break

great powers, and towers, and strong walls shake;

and over all the silver fire

430that once Men named the Burning Briar,

the Seven Stars that Varda set

about the North, were burning yet,

a light in darkness, hope in woe,

the emblem vast of Morgoth’s foe.

435‘Huan, Huan! I hear a song

far under welling, far but strong

a song that Beren bore aloft.

I hear his voice, I have heard it oft

in dream and wandering.’ Whispering low

440thus Lúthien spake. On the bridge of woe

in mantle wrapped at dead of night

she sat and sang, and to its height

and to its depth the Wizard’s Isle,

rock upon rock and pile on pile,

445trembling echoed. The werewolves howled,

and Huan hidden lay and growled

watchful listening in the dark,

waiting for battle cruel and stark.

Thû heard that voice, and sudden stood

450wrapped in his cloak and sable hood

in his high tower. He listened long,

and smiled, and knew that elvish song.

‘A! little Lúthien! What brought

the foolish fly to web unsought?

455Morgoth! a great and rich reward

to me thou wilt owe when to thy hoard

this jewel is added.’ Down he went,

and forth his messengers he sent.

Still Lúthien sang. A creeping shape

460with bloodred tongue and jaws agape

stole on the bridge; but she sang on

with trembling limbs and wide eyes wan.

The creeping shape leaped to her side,

and gasped, and sudden fell and died.

465And still they came, still one by one,

and each was seized, and there were none

returned with padding feet to tell

that a shadow lurketh fierce and fell

at the bridge’s end, and that below

470the shuddering waters loathing flow

o’er the grey corpses Huan killed.

A mightier shadow slowly filled

the narrow bridge, a slavering hate,

an awful werewolf fierce and great:

475pale Draugluin, the old grey lord

of wolves and beasts of blood abhorred,

that fed on flesh of Man and Elf

beneath the chair of Thû himself.

No more in silence did they fight.

480Howling and baying smote the night,

till back by the chair where he had fed

to die the werewolf yammering fled.

‘Huan is there’ he gasped and died,

and Thû was filled with wrath and pride.

485‘Before the mightiest he shall fall,

before the mightiest wolf of all’,

so thought he now, and thought he knew

how fate long spoken should come true.

Now there came slowly forth and glared

490into the night a shape long-haired,

dank with poison, with awful eyes

wolvish, ravenous; but there lies

a light therein more cruel and dread

than ever wolvish eyes had fed.

495More huge were its limbs, its jaws more wide,

its fangs more gleaming-sharp, and dyed

with venom, torment, and with death.

The deadly vapour of its breath

swept on before it. Swooning dies

500the song of Lúthien, and her eyes

are dimmed and darkened with a fear,

cold and poisonous and drear.

Thus came Thû, as wolf more great

than e’er was seen from Angband’s gate

505to the burning south, than ever lurked

in mortal lands or murder worked.

Sudden he sprang, and Huan leaped

aside in shadow. On he swept

to Lúthien lying swooning faint.

510To her drowning senses came the taint

of his foul breathing, and she stirred;

dizzily she spake a whispered word,

her mantle brushed across his face.

He stumbled staggering in his pace.

515Out leaped Huan. Back he sprang.

Beneath the stars there shuddering rang

the cry of hunting wolves at bay,

the tongue of hounds that fearless slay.

Backward and forth they leaped and ran

520feinting to flee, and round they span,

and bit and grappled, and fell and rose.

Then suddenly Huan holds and throws

his ghastly foe; his throat he rends,

choking his life. Not so it ends.

525From shape to shape, from wolf to worm,

from monster to his own demon form,

Thû changes, but that desperate grip

he cannot shake, nor from it slip.

No wizardry, nor spell, nor dart,

530no fang, nor venom, nor devil’s art

could harm that hound that hart and boar

had hunted once in Valinor.

Nigh the foul spirit Morgoth made

and bred of evil shuddering strayed

535from its dark house, when Lúthien rose

and shivering looked upon his throes.

‘O demon dark, O phantom vile

of foulness wrought, of lies and guile,

here shalt thou die, thy spirit roam

540quaking back to thy master’s home

his scorn and fury to endure;

thee he will in the bowels immure

of groaning earth, and in a hole

everlastingly thy naked soul

545shall wail and gibber—this shall be

unless the keys thou render me

of thy black fortress, and the spell

that bindeth stone to stone thou tell,

and speak the words of opening.’

550With gasping breath and shuddering

he spake, and yielded as he must,

and vanquished betrayed his master’s trust.

Lo! by the bridge a gleam of light,

like stars descended from the night

555to burn and tremble here below.

There wide her arms did Lúthien throw,

and called aloud with voice as clear

as still at whiles may mortal hear

long elvish trumpets o’er the hill

560echo, when all the world is still.

The dawn peered over mountains wan;

their grey heads silent looked thereon.

The hill trembled; the citadel

crumbled, and all its towers fell;

565the rocks yawned and the bridge broke,

and Sirion spumed in sudden smoke.

Like ghosts the owls were flying seen

hooting in the dawn, and bats unclean

went skimming dark through the cold airs

570shrieking thinly to find new lairs

in Deadly Nightshade’s branches dread.

The wolves whimpering and yammering fled

like dusky shadows. Out there creep

pale forms and ragged as from sleep.

575crawling, and shielding blinded eyes:

the captives in fear and in surprise

from dolour long in clinging night

beyond all hope set free to light.

A vampire shape with pinions vast

580screeching leaped from the ground, and passed,

its dark blood dripping on the trees;

and Huan neath him lifeless sees

a wolvish corpse—for Thû had flown

to Taur-na-Fuin, a new throne

585and darker stronghold there to build.

The captives came and wept and shrilled

their piteous cries of thanks and praise.

But Lúthien anxious-gazing stays.

Beren comes not. At length she said:

590‘Huan, Huan, among the dead

must we then find him whom we sought,

for love of whom we toiled and fought?’

Then side by side from stone to stone

o’er Sirion they climbed. Alone

595unmoving they him found, who mourned

by Felagund, and never turned

to see what feet drew halting nigh.

‘A! Beren, Beren!’ came her cry,

‘almost too late have I thee found?

600Alas! that here upon the ground

the noblest of the noble race

in vain thy anguish doth embrace!

Alas! in tears that we should meet

who once found meeting passing sweet!’

605Her voice such love and longing filled

he raised his eyes, his mourning stilled,

and felt his heart new-turned to flame

for her that through peril to him came.

‘O Lúthien, O Lúthien,

610more fair than any child of Men,

O loveliest maid of Elfinesse,

what might of love did thee possess

to bring thee here to terror’s lair!

O lissom limbs and shadowy hair,

615O flower-entwinéd brows so white,

O slender hands in this new light!’

She found his arms and swooned away

just at the rising of the day.

******

Songs have recalled the Elves have sung

620in old forgotten elven tongue

how Lúthien and Beren strayed

by the banks of Sirion. Many a glade

they filled with joy, and there their feet

passed by lightly, and days were sweet.

625Though winter hunted through the wood

still flowers lingered where she stood.

Tinúviel! Tinúviel!

the birds are unafraid to dwell

and sing beneath the peaks of snow

630where Beren and where Lúthien go.

The isle in Sirion they left behind;

but there on hill-top might one find

a green grave, and a stone set,

and there there lie the white bones yet

635of Felagund, of Finrod’s son—

unless that land is changed and gone,

or foundered in unfathomed seas,

while Felagund laughs beneath the trees

in Valinor, and comes no more

640to this grey world of tears and war.

To Nargothrond no more he came;

but thither swiftly ran the fame,

of their king dead, of Thû o’erthrown,

of the breaking of the towers of stone.

645For many now came home at last

who long ago to shadow passed;

and like a shadow had returned

Huan the hound, and scant had earned

or praise or thanks of master wroth;

650yet loyal he was, though he was loath.

The halls of Narog clamours fill

that vainly Celegorm would still.

There men bewailed their fallen king,

crying that a maiden dared that thing

655which sons of Fëanor would not do.

‘Let us slay these faithless lords untrue!’

the fickle folk now loudly cried

with Felagund who would not ride.

Orodreth spake: ‘The kingdom now

660is mine alone. I will allow

no spilling of kindred blood by kin.

But bread nor rest shall find herein

these brothers who have set at nought

the house of Finrod.’ They were brought.

665Scornful, unbowed, and unashamed

stood Celegorm. In his eye there flamed

a light of menace. Curufin

smiled with his crafty mouth and thin.

‘Be gone for ever—ere the day

670shall fall into the sea. Your way

shall never lead you hither more,

nor any son of Fëanor;

nor ever after shall be bond

of love twixt yours and Nargothrond.’

675‘We will remember it,’ they said,

and turned upon their heels, and sped,

and took their horses and such folk

as still them followed. Nought they spoke

but sounded horns, and rode like fire,

680and went away in anger dire.

Towards Doriath the wanderers now

were drawing nigh. Though bare the bough,

though cold the wind, and grey the grasses

through which the hiss of winter passes,

685they sang beneath the frosty sky

uplifted o’er them pale and high.

They came to Mindeb’s narrow stream

that from the hills doth leap and gleam

by western borders where begin

690the spells of Melian to fence in

King Thingol’s land, and stranger steps

to wind bewildered in their webs.

There sudden sad grew Beren’s heart:

‘Alas, Tinúviel, here we part

695and our brief song together ends,

and sundered ways each lonely wends!’

‘Why part we here? What dost thou say,

just at the dawn of brighter day?’

‘For safe thou’rt come to borderlands

700o’er which in the keeping of the hands

of Melian thou wilt walk at ease

and find thy home and well-loved trees.’

‘My heart is glad when the fair trees

far off uprising grey it sees

705of Doriath inviolate.

Yet Doriath my heart did hate,

and Doriath my feet forsook,

my home, my kin. I would not look

on grass nor leaf there evermore

710without thee by me. Dark the shore

of Esgalduin the deep and strong!

Why there alone forsaking song

by endless waters rolling past

must I then hopeless sit at last,

715and gaze at waters pitiless

in heartache and in loneliness?’

‘For never more to Doriath

can Beren find the winding path,

though Thingol willed it or allowed;

720for to thy father there I vowed

to come not back save to fulfill

the quest of the shining Silmaril,

and win by valour my desire.

“Not rock nor steel nor Morgoth’s fire

725nor all the power of Elfinesse,

shall keep the gem I would possess”:

thus swore I once of Lúthien

more fair than any child of Men.

My word, alas! I must achieve,

730though sorrow pierce and parting grieve.’

‘Then Lúthien will not go home,

but weeping in the woods will roam,

nor peril heed, nor laughter know.

And if she may not by thee go

735against thy will thy desperate feet

she will pursue, until they meet,

Beren and Lúthien, love once more

on earth or on the shadowy shore.’

‘Nay, Lúthien, most brave of heart,

740thou makest it more hard to part.

Thy love me drew from bondage drear,

but never to that outer fear,

that darkest mansion of all dread,

shall thy most blissful light be led.’

745‘Never, never!’ he shuddering said.

But even as in his arms she pled,

a sound came like a hurrying storm.

There Curufin and Celegorm

in sudden tumult like the wind

750rode up. The hooves of horses dinned

loud on the earth. In rage and haste

madly northward they now raced

the path twixt Doriath to find

and the shadows dreadly dark entwined

755of Taur-na-fuin. That was their road

most swift to where their kin abode

in the east, where Himling’s watchful hill

o’er Aglon’s gorge hung tall and still.

They saw the wanderers. With a shout

760straight on them swung their hurrying rout

as if neath maddened hooves to rend

the lovers and their love to end.

But as they came their horses swerved

with nostrils wide and proud necks curved;

765Curufin, stooping, to saddlebow

with mighty arm did Lúthien throw,

and laughed. Too soon; for there a spring

fiercer than tawny lion-king

maddened with arrows barbéd smart,

770greater than any hornéd hart

that hounded to a gulf leaps o’er,

there Beren gave, and with a roar

leaped on Curufin; round his neck

his arms entwined, and all to wreck

775both horse and rider fell to ground;

and there they fought without a sound.

Dazed in the grass did Lúthien lie

beneath bare branches and the sky;

the Gnome felt Beren’s fingers grim

780close on his throat and strangle him,

and out his eyes did start, and tongue

gasping from his mouth there hung.

Up rode Celegorm with his spear,

and bitter death was Beren near.

785With elvish steel he nigh was slain

whom Lúthien won from hopeless chain,

but baying Huan sudden sprang

before his master’s face with fang

white-gleaming, and with bristling hair,

790as if he on boar or wolf did stare.

The horse in terror leaped aside,

and Celegorm in anger cried:

‘Curse thee, thou baseborn dog, to dare

against thy master teeth to bare!’

795But dog nor horse nor rider bold

would venture near the anger cold

of mighty Huan fierce at bay.

Red were his jaws. They shrank away,

and fearful eyed him from afar:

800nor sword nor knife, nor scimitar,

no dart of bow, nor cast of spear,

master nor man did Huan fear.

There Curufin had left his life,

had Lúthien not stayed that strife.

805Waking she rose and softly cried

standing distressed at Beren’s side:

‘Forbear thy anger now, my lord!

nor do the work of Orcs abhorred;

for foes there be of Elfinesse,

810unnumbered, and they grow not less,

while here we war by ancient curse

distraught, and all the world to worse

decays and crumbles. Make thy peace!’

Then Beren did Curufin release;

815but took his horse and coat of mail

and took his knife there gleaming pale,

hanging sheathless, wrought of steel.

No flesh could leeches ever heal

that point had pierced; for long ago

820the dwarves had made it, singing slow

enchantments, where their hammers fell

in Nogrod ringing like a bell.

Iron as tender wood it cleft,

and sundered mail like woollen weft.

825But other hands its haft now held;

its master lay by mortal felled.

Beren uplifting him, far him flung,

and cried ‘Begone!’, with stinging tongue;

‘Begone! thou renegade and fool,

830and let thy lust in exile cool!

Arise and go, and no more work

like Morgoth’s slaves or curséd Orc;

and deal, proud son of Fëanor,

in deeds more proud than heretofore!’

835Then Beren led Lúthien away,

while Huan still there stood at bay.

‘Farewell,’ cried Celegorm the fair.

‘Far get you gone! And better were

to die forhungered in the waste

840than wrath of Fëanor’s sons to taste,

that yet may reach o’er dale and hill.

No gem, nor maid, nor Silmaril

shall ever long in thy grasp lie!

We curse thee under cloud and sky,

845we curse thee from rising unto sleep!

Farewell!’ He swift from horse did leap,

his brother lifted from the ground;

then bow of yew with gold wire bound

he strung, and shaft he shooting sent,

850as heedless hand in hand they went;

a dwarvish dart and cruelly hooked.

They never turned nor backward looked.

Loud bayed Huan, and leaping caught

the speeding arrow. Quick as thought

855another followed deadly singing;

but Beren had turned, and sudden springing

defended Lúthien with his breast.

Deep sank the dart in flesh to rest.

He fell to earth. They rode away,

860and laughing left him as he lay;

yet spurred like wind in fear and dread

of Huan’s pursuing anger red.

Though Curufin with bruised mouth laughed,

yet later of that dastard shaft

865was tale and rumour in the North,

and Men remembered at the Marching Forth,

and Morgoth’s will its hatred helped.

Thereafter never hound was whelped

would follow horn of Celegorm

870or Curufin. Though in strife and storm,

though all their house in ruin red

went down, thereafter laid his head

Huan no more at that lord’s feet,

but followed Lúthien, brave and fleet.

875Now sank she weeping at the side

of Beren, and sought to stem the tide

of welling blood that flowed there fast.

The raiment from his breast she cast;

from shoulder plucked the arrow keen;

880his wound with tears she washed it clean.

Then Huan came and bore a leaf,

of all the herbs of healing chief,

that evergreen in woodland glade

there grew with broad and hoary blade.

885The powers of all grasses Huan knew,

who wide did forest-paths pursue.

Therewith the smart he swift allayed,

while Lúthien murmuring in the shade

the staunching song that Elvish wives

890long years had sung in those sad lives

of war and weapons, wove o’er him.

The shadows fell from mountains grim.

Then sprang about the darkened North

the Sickle of the Gods, and forth

895each star there stared in stony night

radiant, glistering cold and white.

But on the ground there is a glow,

a spark of red that leaps below:

under woven boughs beside a fire

900of crackling wood and sputtering briar

there Beren lies in browsing deep,

walking and wandering in sleep.

Watchful bending o’er him wakes

a maiden fair; his thirst she slakes,

905his brow caresses, and softly croons

a song more potent than in runes

or leeches’ lore hath since been writ.

Slowly the nightly watches flit.

The misty morning crawleth grey

910from dusk to the reluctant day.

Then Beren woke and opened eyes,

and rose and cried: ‘Neath other skies,

in lands more awful and unknown,

I wandered long, methought, alone

915to the deep shadow where the dead dwell;

but ever a voice that I knew well,

like bells, like viols, like harps, like birds,

like music moving without words,

called me, called me through the night,

920enchanted drew me back to light!

Healed the wound, assuaged the pain!

Now are we come to morn again,

new journeys once more lead us on—

to perils whence may life be won,

925hardly for Beren; and for thee

a waiting in the wood I see

beneath the trees of Doriath,

while ever follow down my path

the echoes of thine elvish song,

930where hills are haggard and roads are long.’

‘Nay, now no more we have for foe

dark Morgoth only, but in woe,

in wars and feuds of Elfinesse

thy quest is bound; and death, no less,

935for thee and me, for Huan bold

the end of weird of yore foretold,

all this I bode shall follow swift;

if thou go on. Thy hand shall lift

and lay on Thingol’s lap the dire

940and flaming jewel, Fëanor’s fire,

never, never! A why then go?

Why turn we not from fear and woe

beneath the trees to walk and roam

roofless, with all the world as home,

945over mountains, beside the seas,

in the sunlight, in the breeze?’

Thus long they spoke with heavy hearts;

and yet not all her elvish arts

nor lissom arms, nor shining eyes

950as tremulous stars in rainy skies,

nor tender lips, enchanted voice,

his purpose bent or swayed his choice.

Never to Doriath would he fare

save guarded fast to leave her there;

955never to Nargothrond would go

with her, lest there came war and woe;

and never would in the world untrod

to wander suffer her, worn, unshod

roofless and restless, whom he drew

960with love from the hidden realms she knew.

‘For Morgoth’s power is now awake;

already hill and dale doth shake,

the hunt is up, the prey is wild:

a maiden lost, an elven child.

965Now Orcs and phantoms prowl and peer

from tree to tree, and fill with fear

each shade and hollow. Thee they seek!

At thought thereof my hope grows weak,

my heart is chilled. I curse mine oath,

970I curse the fate that joined us both

and snared thy feet in my sad doom

of flight and wandering in the gloom!

Now let us haste, and ere the day

be fallen, take our swiftest way,

975till o’er the marches of thy land

beneath the beech and oak we stand,

in Doriath, fair Doriath

whither no evil finds the path,

powerless to pass the listening leaves

980that droop upon those forest-eaves.’

Then to his will she seeming bent.

Swiftly to Doriath they went,

and crossed its borders. There they stayed

resting in deep and mossy glade;

985there lay they sheltered from the wind

under mighty beeches silken-skinned,

and sang of love that still shall be,

though earth be foundered under sea,

and sundered here for evermore

990shall meet upon the Western Shore.

One morning as asleep she lay

upon the moss, as though the day

too bitter were for gentle flower

to open in a sunless hour,

995Beren arose and kissed her hair,

and wept, and softly left her there.

‘Good Huan,’ said he, ‘guard her well!

In leafless field no asphodel,

in thorny thicket never a rose

1000forlorn, so frail and fragrant blows.

Guard her from wind and frost, and hide

from hands that seize and cast aside;

keep her from wandering and woe,

for pride and fate now make me go.’

1005The horse he took and rode away,

nor dared to turn; but all that day

with heart as stone he hastened forth

and took the paths toward the North.

******

Once wide and smooth a plain was spread,

1010where King Fingolfin proudly led

his silver armies on the green,

his horses white, his lances keen;

his helmets tall of steel were hewn,

his shields were shining as the moon.

1015There trumpets sang both long and loud,

and challenge rang unto the cloud

that lay on Morgoth’s northern tower,

while Morgoth waited for his hour.

Rivers of fire at dead of night

1020in winter lying cold and white

upon the plain burst forth, and high

the red was mirrored in the sky.

From Hithlum’s walls they saw the fire,

the steam and smoke in spire on spire

1025leap up, till in confusion vast

the stars were choked. And so it passed,

the mighty field, and turned to dust,

to drifting sand and yellow rust,

to thirsty dunes where many bones

1030lay broken among barren stones.

Dor-na-Fauglith, Land of Thirst,

they after named it, waste accurst,

the raven-haunted roofless grave

of many fair and many brave.

1035Thereon the stony slopes look forth

from Deadly Nightshade falling north,

from sombre pines with pinions vast,

black-plumed and drear, as many a mast

of sable-shrouded ships of death

1040slow wafted on a ghostly breath.

Thence Beren grim now gazes out

across the dunes and shifting drought,

and sees afar the frowning towers

where thunderous Thangorodrim lowers.

1045The hungry horse there drooping stood,

proud Gnomish steed; it feared the wood;

upon the haunted ghastly plain

no horse would ever stride again.

‘Good steed of master ill,’ he said,

1050‘farewell now here! Lift up thy head,

and get thee gone to Sirion’s vale

back as we came, past island pale

where Thû once reigned, to waters sweet

and grasses long about thy feet.

1055And if Curufin no more thou find,

grieve not! but free with hart and hind

go wander, leaving work and war,

and dream thee back in Valinor,

whence came of old thy mighty race

1060from Tavros’ mountain-fencéd chase.’

There still sat Beren, and he sang

and loud his lonely singing rang.

Though Orcs should hear, or wolf a-prowl,

or any of the creatures foul

1065within the shade that slunk and stared

of Taur-na-Fuin, nought he cared

who now took leave of light and day,

grim-hearted, bitter, fierce and fey.

‘Farewell now here, ye leaves of trees,

1070your music in the morning-breeze!

Farewell now blade and bloom and grass

that see the changing seasons pass;

ye waters murmuring over stone,

and meres that silent stand alone!

1075Farewell now mountain, vale, and plain!

Farewell now wind and frost and rain,

and mist and cloud, and heaven’s air;

ye star and moon so blinding-fair

that still shall look down from the sky

1080on the wide earth, though Beren die—

though Beren die not, and yet deep,

deep, whence comes of those that weep

no dreadful echo, lie and choke

in everlasting dark and smoke.

1085‘Farewell sweet earth and northern sky,

for ever blest, since here did lie,

and here with lissom limbs did run

beneath the moon, beneath the sun,

Lúthien Tinúviel

1090more fair than mortal tongue can tell.

Though all to ruin fell the world,

and were dissolved and backward hurled

unmade into the old abyss,

yet were its making good, for this—

1095the dawn, the dusk, the earth, the sea—

that Lúthien on a time should be!’

His blade he lifted high in hand,

and challenging alone did stand

before the threat of Morgoth’s power;

1100and dauntless cursed him, hall and tower,

o’ershadowing hand and grinding foot,

beginning, end, and crown and root;

then turned to strike forth down the slope

abandoning fear, forsaking hope.

1105‘A, Beren, Beren!’ came a sound,

‘almost too late have I thee found!

O proud and fearless hand and heart,

not yet farewell, not yet we part!

Not thus do those of elven race

1110forsake the love that they embrace.

A love is mine, as great a power

as thine, to shake the gate and tower

of death with challenge weak and frail

that yet endures, and will not fail

1115nor yield, unvanquished were it hurled

beneath the foundations of the world.

Beloved fool! escape to seek

from such pursuit; in might so weak

to trust not, thinking it well to save

1120from love thy loved, who welcomes grave

and torment sooner than in guard

of kind intent to languish, barred,

wingless and helpless him to aid

for whose support her love was made!’

1125Thus back to him came Lúthien:

they met beyond the ways of Men;

upon the brink of terror stood

between the desert and the wood.

He looked on her, her lifted face

1130beneath his lips in sweet embrace:

‘Thrice now mine oath I curse,’ he said,

‘that under shadow thee hath led!

But where is Huan, where the hound

to whom I trusted, whom I bound

1135by love of thee to keep thee well

from deadly wandering into hell?’

‘I know not! But good Huan’s heart

is wiser, kinder, than thou art,

grim lord, more open unto prayer!

1140Yet long and long I pleaded there,

until he brought me, as I would,

upon thy trail—a palfrey good

would Huan make, of flowing pace:

thou wouldst have laughed to see us race,

1145as Orc on werewolf ride like fire

night after night through fen and mire,

through waste and wood! But when I heard

thy singing clear—(yea, every word

of Lúthien one rashly cried,

1150and listening evil fierce defied) –,

he set me down, and sped away;

but what he would I cannot say.’

Ere long they knew, for Huan came,

his great breath panting, eyes like flame,

1155in fear lest her whom he forsook

to aid some hunting evil took

ere he was nigh. Now there he laid

before their feet, as dark as shade,

two grisly shapes that he had won

1160from that tall isle in Sirion:

a wolfhame huge—its savage fell

was long and matted, dark the spell

that drenched the dreadful coat and skin;

the werewolf cloak of Draugluin;

1165the other was a batlike garb

with mighty fingered wings, a barb

like iron nail at each joint’s end—

such wings as their dark cloud extend

against the moon, when in the sky

1170from Deadly Nightshade screeching fly

Thû’s messengers.

‘What hast thou brought,

good Huan? What thy hidden thought?

Of trophy of prowess and strong deed,

when Thû thou vanquishedst, what need

1175here in the waste?’ Thus Beren spoke,

and once more words in Huan woke:

his voice was like the deeptoned bells

that ring in Valmar’s citadels:

‘Of one fair gem thou must be thief,

1180Morgoth’s or Thingol’s, loath or lief;

thou must here choose twixt love and oath!

If vow to break is still thee loath,

then Lúthien must either die

alone, or death with thee defie

1185beside thee, marching on your fate

that hidden before you lies in wait.

Hopeless the quest, but not yet mad,

unless thou, Beren, run thus clad

in mortal raiment, mortal hue,

1190witless and redeless, death to woo.

‘Lo! good was Felagund’s device,

but may be bettered, if advice

of Huan ye will dare to take,

and swift a hideous change will make

1195to forms most curséd, foul and vile,

of werewolf of the Wizard’s Isle,

of monstrous bat’s envermined fell

with ghostly clawlike wings of hell.

‘To such dark straits, alas! now brought

1200are ye I love, for whom I fought.

Nor further with you can I go—

whoever did a great hound know

in friendship at a werewolf’s side

to Angband’s grinning portals stride?

1205Yet my heart tells that at the gate

what there ye find, ’twill be my fate

myself to see, though to that door

my feet shall bear me nevermore.

Darkened is hope and dimmed my eyes,

1210I see not clear what further lies;

yet maybe backwards leads your path

beyond all hope to Doriath,

and thither, perchance, we three shall wend,

and meet again before the end.’

1215They stood and marvelled thus to hear

his mighty tongue so deep and clear;

then sudden he vanished from their sight

even at the onset of the night.

His dreadful counsel then they took,

1220and their own gracious forms forsook;

in werewolf fell and batlike wing

prepared to robe them, shuddering.

With elvish magic Lúthien wrought,

lest raiment foul with evil fraught

1225to dreadful madness drive their hearts;

and there she wrought with elvish arts

a strong defence, a binding power,

singing until the midnight hour.

Swift as the wolvish coat he wore,

1230Beren lay slavering on the floor,

redtongued and hungry; but there lies

a pain and longing in his eyes,

a look of horror as he sees

a batlike form crawl to its knees

1235and drag its creased and creaking wings.

Then howling under moon he springs

fourfooted, swift, from stone to stone

from hill to plain—but not alone:

a dark shape down the slope doth skim,

1240and wheeling flitters over him.

Ashes and dust and thirsty dune

withered and dry beneath the moon,

under the cold and shifting air

sifting and sighing, bleak and bare;

1245of blistered stones and gasping sand,

of splintered bones was built that land,

o’er which now slinks with powdered fell

and hanging tongue a shape of hell.

Many parching leagues lay still before

1250when sickly day crept back once more;

many choking miles lay stretched ahead

when shivering night once more was spread

with doubtful shadow and ghostly sound

that hissed and passed o’er dune and mound.

1255A second morning in cloud and reek

struggled, when stumbling, blind and weak,

a wolvish shape came staggering forth

and reached the foothills of the North;

upon its back there folded lay

1260a crumpled thing that blinked at day.

The rocks were reared like bony teeth,

and claws that grasped from opened sheath,

on either side the mournful road

that onward led to that abode

1265far up within the Mountain dark

with tunnels drear and portals stark.

They crept within a scowling shade

and cowering darkly down them laid.

Long lurked they there beside the path,

1270and shivered, dreaming of Doriath,

of laughter and music and clean air,

in fluttered leaves birds singing fair.

They woke, and felt the trembling sound,

the beating echo far underground

1275shake beneath them, the rumour vast

of Morgoth’s forges; and aghast

they heard the stamp of stony feet

that shod with iron went down that street:

the Orcs went forth to rape and war,

1280and Balrog captains marched before.

stirred, and under cloud and shade

at eve stepped forth, and no more stayed;

as dark things on dark errand bent

up the long slopes in haste they went.

1285Ever the sheer cliffs rose beside,

where birds of carrion sat and cried;

and chasms black and smoking yawned,

whence writhing serpent-shapes were spawned;

until at last in that huge gloom,

1290heavy as overhanging doom,

that weighs on Thangorodrim’s foot

like thunder at the mountain’s root,

they came, as to a sombre court

walled with great towers, fort on fort

1295of cliffs embattled, to that last plain

that opens, abysmal and inane

before he final topless wall

of Bauglir’s immeasurable hall,

whereunder looming awful waits

1300the gigantic shadow of his gates.

******

In that vast shadow once of yore

Fingolfin stood: his shield he bore

with field of heaven’s blue and star

of crystal shining pale afar.

1305In overmastering wrath and hate

desperate he smote upon that gate,

the Gnomish king, there standing lone,

while endless fortresses of stone

engulfed the thin clear ringing keen

1310of silver horn on baldric green.

His hopeless challenge dauntless cried

Fingolfin there: ‘Come, open wide,

dark king, your ghastly brazen doors!

Come forth, whom earth and heaven abhors!

1315Come forth, O monstrous craven lord

and fight with thine own hand and sword,

thou wielder of hosts of banded thralls,

thou tyrant leaguered with strong walls,

thou foe of Gods and elvish race!

1320I wait thee here. Come! Show thy face!’

Then Morgoth came. For the last time

in those great wars he dared to climb

from subterranean throne profound,

the rumour of his feet a sound

1325of rumbling earthquake underground.

Black-armoured, towering, iron-crowned

he issued forth; his mighty shield

a vast unblazoned sable field

with shadow like a thundercloud;

1330and o’er the gleaming king it bowed,

as huge aloft like mace he hurled

that hammer of the underworld,

Grond. Clanging to ground it tumbled

down like a thunder-bolt, and crumbled

1335the rocks beneath it; smoke up-started,

a pit yawned, and a fire darted.

Fingolfin like a shooting light

beneath a cloud, a stab of white,

sprang then aside, and Ringil drew

1340like ice that gleameth cold and blue,

his sword devised of elvish skill

to pierce the flesh with deadly chill.

With seven wounds it rent his foe,

and seven mighty cries of woe

1345rang in the mountains, and the earth quook,

and Angband’s trembling armies shook.

Yet Orcs would after laughing tell

of the duel at the gates of hell;

though elvish song thereof was made

1350ere this but one—when sad was laid

the mighty king in barrow high,

and Thorondor, Eagle of the sky,

the dreadful tidings brought and told

to mourning Elfinesse of old.

1355Thrice was Fingolfin with great blows

to his knees beaten, thrice he rose

still leaping up beneath the cloud

aloft to hold star-shining, proud,

his stricken shield, his sundered helm,

1360that dark nor might could overwhelm

till all the earth was burst and rent

in pits about him. He was spent.

His feet stumbled. He fell to wreck

upon the ground, and on his neck

1365a foot like rooted hills was set,

and he was crushed—not conquered yet;

one last despairing stroke he gave:

the mighty foot pale Ringil clave

about the heel, and black the blood

1370gushed as from smoking fount in flood.

Halt goes for ever from that stroke

great Morgoth; but the king he broke,

and would have hewn and mangled thrown

to wolves devouring. Lo! from throne

1375that Manwë bade him build on high,

on peak unscaled beneath the sky,

Morgoth to watch, now down there swooped

Thorondor the King of Eagles, stooped,

and rending beak of gold he smote

1380in Bauglir’s face, then up did float

on pinions thirty fathoms wide

bearing away, though loud they cried,

the mighty corse, the Elven-king;

and where the mountains make a ring

1385far to the south about that plain

where after Gondolin did reign,

embattled city, at great height

upon a dizzy snowcap white

in mounded cairn the mighty dead

1390he laid upon the mountain’s head.

Never Orc nor demon after dared

that pass to climb, o’er which there stared

Fingolfin’s high and holy tomb,

till Gondolin’s appointed doom.

1395Thus Bauglir earned the furrowed scar

that his dark countenance doth mar,

and thus his limping gait he gained;

but afterward profound he reigned

darkling upon his hidden throne;

1400and thunderous paced his halls of stone,

slow building there his vast design

the world in thraldom to confine.

Wielder of armies, lord of woe,

no rest now gave he slave or foe;

1405his watch and ward he thrice increased,

his spies were sent from West to East

and tidings brought from all the North,

who fought, who fell; who ventured forth,

who wrought in secret; who had hoard;

1410if maid were fair or proud were lord;

well nigh all things he knew, all hearts

well nigh enmeshed in evil arts.

Doriath only, beyond the veil

woven by Melian, no assail

1415could hurt or enter; only rumour dim

of things there passing came to him.

A rumour loud and tidings clear

of other movements far and near

among his foes, and threat of war

1420from the seven sons of Fëanor,

from Nargothrond, from Fingon still

gathering his armies under hill

and under tree in Hithlum’s shade,

these daily came. He grew afraid

1425amidst his power once more; renown

of Beren vexed his ears, and down

the aisléd forests there was heard

great Huan baying.

Then came word

most passing strange of Lúthien

1430wild-wandering by wood and glen,

and Thingol’s purpose long he weighed,

and wondered, thinking of that maid

so fair, so frail. A captain dire,

Boldog, he sent with sword and fire

1435to Doriath’s march; but battle fell

sudden upon him; news to tell

never one returned of Boldog’s host,

and Thingol humbled Morgoth’s boast.

Then his heart with doubt and wrath was burned:

1440new tidings of dismay he learned,

how Thû was o’erthrown and his strong isle

broken and plundered, how with guile

his foes now guile beset; and spies

he feared, till each Orc to his eyes

1445was half suspect. Still ever down

the aisléd forests came renown

of Huan baying, hound of war

that Gods unleashed in Valinor.

Then Morgoth of Huan’s fate bethought

1450long-rumoured, and in dark he wrought.

Fierce hunger-haunted packs he had

that in wolvish form and flesh were clad,

but demon spirits dire did hold;

and ever wild their voices rolled

1455in cave and mountain where they housed

and endless snarling echoes roused.

From these a whelp he chose and fed

with his own hand on bodies dead,

on fairest flesh of Elves and Men,

1460till huge he grew and in his den

no more could creep, but by the chair

of Morgoth’s self would lie and glare,

nor suffer Balrog, Orc, nor beast

to touch him. Many a ghastly feast

1465he held beneath that awful throne

rending flesh and gnawing bone.

There deep enchantment on him fell,

the anguish and the power of hell;

more great and terrible he became

1470with fire-red eyes and jaws aflame,

with breath like vapours of the grave,

than any beast of wood or cave,

than any beast of earth or hell

that ever in any time befell,

1475surpassing all his race and kin,

the ghastly tribe of Draugluin.

Him Carcharoth, the Red Maw, name

the songs of Elves. Not yet he came

disastrous, ravening, from the gates

1480of Angband. There he sleepless waits;

where those great portals threatening loom

his red eyes smoulder in the gloom,

his teeth are bare, his jaws are wide;

and none may walk, nor creep, nor glide,

1485nor thrust with power his menace past

to enter Morgoth’s dungeon vast.

Now, lo! before his watchful eyes

a slinking shape he far descries

that crawls into the frowning plain

1490and halts at gaze, then on again

comes stalking near, a wolvish shape

haggard, wayworn, with jaws agape;

and o’er it batlike in wide rings

a reeling shadow slowly wings.

1495Such shapes there oft were seen to roam,

this land their native haunt and home;

and yet his mood with strange unease

is filled, and boding thoughts him seize.

‘What grievous terror, what dread guard

1500hath Morgoth set to wait, and barred

his doors against all entering feet?

Long ways we have come at last to meet

the very maw of death that opes

between us and our quest! Yet hopes

1505we never had. No turning back!’

Thus Beren speaks, as in his track

he halts and sees with werewolf eyes

afar the horror that there lies.

Then onward desperate he passed,

1510skirting the black pits yawning vast,

where King Fingolfin ruinous fell

alone before the gates of hell.

Before those gates alone they stood,

while Carcharoth in doubtful mood

1515glowered upon them, and snarling spoke,

and echoes in the arches woke:

‘Hail! Draugluin, my kindred’s lord!

’Tis very long since hitherward

thou camest. Yea, ’tis passing strange

1520to see thee now: a grievous change

is on thee, lord, who once so dire

so dauntless, and as fleet as fire,

ran over wild and waste, but now

with weariness must bend and bow!

1525’Tis hard to find the struggling breath

when Huan’s teeth as sharp as death

have rent the throat? What fortune rare

brings thee back living here to fare—

if Draugluin thou art? come near!

1530I would know more, and see thee clear!’

‘Who art thou, hungry upstart whelp,

to bar my ways whom thou shouldst help?

I fare with hasty tidings new

to Morgoth from forest-haunting Thû.

1535Aside! for I must in; or go

and swift my coming tell below!’

Then up that doorward slowly stood,

eyes shining grim with evil mood,

uneasy growling: ‘Draugluin,

1540if such thou be, now enter in!

But what is this that crawls beside

slinking as if ’twould neath thee hide?

Though wingéd creatures to and fro

unnumbered pass here, all I know.

1545I know not this. Stay, vampire, stay!

I like not thy kin nor thee. Come, say

what sneaking errand thee doth bring,

thou wingéd vermin, to the king!

Small matter, I doubt not, if thou stay

1550or enter, or if in my play

I crush thee like a fly on wall,

or bite thy wings and let thee crawl.’

Huge-stalking, noisome, close he came.

In Beren’s eyes there gleamed a flame;

1555the hair upon his neck uprose.

Nought may the fragrance fair enclose,

the odour of immortal flowers

in everlasting spring neath showers

that glitter silver in the grass

1560in Valinor. Where’er did pass

Tinúviel, such air there went.

From that foul devil-sharpened scent

its sudden sweetness no disguise

enchanted dark to cheat the eyes

1565could keep, if near those nostrils drew

snuffling in doubt. This Beren knew

upon the brink of hell prepared

for battle and death. There threatening stared

those dreadful shapes, in hatred both,

1570false Draugluin and Carcharoth

when, lo! a marvel to behold:

some power, descended from of old,

from race divine beyond the West,

sudden Tinúviel possessed

1575like inner fire. The vampire dark

she flung aside, and like a lark

cleaving through night to dawn she sprang,

while sheer, heart-piercing silver, rang

her voice, as those long trumpets keen

1580thrilling, unbearable, unseen

in the cold aisles of morn. Her cloak

by white hands woven, like a smoke,

like all-bewildering, all-enthralling,

all-enfolding evening, falling

1585from lifted arms, as forth she stepped

across those awful eyes she swept,

a shadow and a mist of dreams

whereon entangled starlight gleams.

‘Sleep, O unhappy, tortured thrall!

1590Thou woebegotten, fail and fall

down, down from anguish, hatred, pain,

from lust, from hunger, bond and chain,

to that oblivion, dark and deep,

the well, the lightless pit of sleep!

1595For one brief hour escape the net,

the dreadful doom of life forget!’

His eyes were quenched, his limbs were loosed;

he fell like running steer that noosed

and tripped grows crashing to the ground.

1600Deathlike, moveless, without a sound

outstretched he lay, as lightning stroke

had felled a huge o’ershadowing oak.

******

Into the vast and echoing gloom,

more dread than many-tunnelled tomb

1605in labyrinthine pyramid

where everlasting death is hid

down awful corridors that wind

down to a menace dark enshrined;

down to the mountain’s roots profound,

1610devoured, tormented, bored and ground

by seething vermin spawned of stone;

down to the depths they went alone.

The arch behind of twilit shade

they saw recede and dwindling fade;

1615the thunderous forges’ rumour grew,

a burning wind there roaring blew

foul vapours up from gaping holes.

Huge shapes there stood like carven trolls

enormous hewn of blasted rock

1620to forms that mortal likeness mock;

monstrous and menacing, entombed,

at every turn they silent loomed

in fitful glares that leaped and died.

There hammers clanged, and tongues there cried

1625with sound like smitten stone; there wailed

faint from far under, called and failed

amid the iron clink of chain

voices of captives put to pain.

Loud rose a din of laughter hoarse,

1630self-loathing yet without remorse;

loud came a singing harsh and fierce

like swords of terror souls to pierce.

Red was the glare through open doors

of firelight mirrored on brazen floors,

1635and up the arches towering clomb

to glooms unguessed, to vaulted dome

swathed in wavering smokes and steams

stabbed with flickering lightning-gleams.

To Morgoth’s hall, where dreadful feast

1640he held, and drank the blood of beast

and lives of Men, they stumbling came:

their eyes were dazed with smoke and flame.

The pillars, reared like monstrous shores

to bear earth’s overwhelming floors,

1645were devil-carven, shaped with skill

such as unholy dreams doth fill:

they towered like trees into the air,

whose trunks are rooted in despair,

whose shade is death, whose fruit is bane,

1650whose boughs like serpents writhe in pain.

Beneath them ranged with spear and sword

stood Morgoth’s sable-armoured horde:

the fire on blade and boss of shield

was red as blood on stricken field.

1655Beneath a monstrous column loomed

the throne of Morgoth, and the doomed

and dying gasped upon the floor:

his hideous footstool, rape of war.

About him sat his awful thanes,

1660the Balrog-lords with fiery manes,

redhanded, mouthed with fangs of steel;

devouring wolves were crouched at heel.

And o’er the host of hell there shone

with a cold radiance, clear and wan,

1665the Silmarils, the gems of fate,

emprisoned in the crown of hate.

Lo! through the grinning portals dread

sudden a shadow swooped and fled;

and Beren gasped—he lay alone,

1670with crawling belly on the stone:

a form bat-wingéd, silent, flew

where the huge pillared branches grew,

amid the smokes and mounting steams.

And as on the margin of dark dreams

1675a dim-felt shadow unseen grows

to cloud of vast unease, and woes

foreboded, nameless, roll like doom

upon the soul, so in that gloom

the voices fell, and laughter died

1680slow to silence many-eyed.

A nameless doubt, a shapeless fear,

had entered in their caverns drear

and grew, and towered above them cowed,

hearing in heart the trumpets loud

1685of gods forgotten. Morgoth spoke,

and thunderous the silence broke:

‘Shadow, descend! And do not think

to cheat mine eyes! In vain to shrink

from thy Lord’s gaze, or seek to hide.

1690My will by none may be defied.

Hope nor escape doth here await

those that unbidden pass my gate.

Descend! ere anger blast thy wing,

thou foolish, frail, bat-shapen thing,

1695and yet not bat within! Come down!’

Slow-wheeling o’er his iron crown,

reluctantly, shivering and small,

Beren there saw the shadow fall,

and droop before the hideous throne,

1700a weak and trembling thing, alone.

And as thereon great Morgoth bent

his darkling gaze, he shuddering went,

belly to earth, the cold sweat dank

upon his fell, and crawling shrank

1705beneath the darkness of that seat,

beneath the shadow of those feet.

Tinúviel spake, a shrill, thin, sound

piercing those silences profound:

‘A lawful errand here me brought;

1710from Thû’s dark mansions have I sought,

from Taur-na-Fuin’s shade I fare

to stand before thy mighty chair!’

‘Thy name, thou shrieking waif, thy name!

Tidings enough from Thû there came

1715but short while since. What would he now?

Why send such messenger as thou?’

‘Thuringwethil I am, who cast

a shadow o’er the face aghast

of the sallow moon in the doomed land

1720of shivering Beleriand!’

‘Liar art thou, who shalt not weave

deceit before mine eyes. Now leave

thy form and raiment false, and stand

revealed, and delivered to my hand!’

1725There came a slow and shuddering change:

the batlike raiment dark and strange

was loosed, and slowly shrank and fell

quivering. She stood revealed in hell.

About her slender shoulders hung

1730her shadowy hair, and round her clung

her garment dark, where glimmered pale

the starlight caught in magic veil.

Dim dreams and faint oblivious sleep

fell softly thence, in dungeons deep

1735an odour stole of elven-flowers

from elven-dells where silver showers

drip softly through the evening air;

and round there crawled with greedy stare

dark shapes of snuffling hunger dread.

1740With arms upraised and drooping head

then softly she began to sing

a theme of sleep and slumbering,

wandering, woven with deeper spell

than songs wherewith in ancient dell

1745Melian did once the twilight fill,

profound and fathomless, and still.

The fires of Angband flared and died,

smouldered into darkness; through the wide

and hollow halls there rolled unfurled

1750the shadows of the underworld.

All movement stayed, and all sound ceased,

save vaporous breath of Orc and beast.

One fire in darkness still abode:

the lidless eyes of Morgoth glowed;

1755one sound the breathing silence broke:

the mirthless voice of Morgoth spoke.

‘So Lúthien, so Lúthien,

a liar like all Elves and Men!

Yet welcome, welcome, to my hall!

1760I have a use for every thrall.

What news of Thingol in his hole

shy lurking like a timid vole?

What folly fresh is in his mind

who cannot keep his offspring blind

1765from straying thus? or can devise

no better counsel for his spies?’

She wavered, and she stayed her song.

‘The road,’ she said, ‘was wild and long,

but Thingol sent me not, nor knows

1770what way his rebellious daughter goes.

Yet every road and path will lead

Northward at last, and here of need

I trembling come with humble brow,

and here before thy throne I bow;

1775for Lúthien hath many arts

for solace sweet of kingly hearts.’

‘And here of need thou shalt remain

now, Lúthien, in joy or pain—

or pain, the fitting doom for all,

1780for rebel, thief, and upstart thrall.

Why should ye not in our fate share

of woe and travail? Or should I spare

to slender limb and body frail

breaking torment? Of what avail

1785here dost thou deem thy babbling song

and foolish laughter? Minstrels strong

are at my call. Yet I will give

a respite brief, a while to live,

a little while, though purchased dear,

1790to Lúthien the fair and clear,

a pretty toy for idle hour.

In slothful gardens many a flower

like thee the amorous gods are used

honey-sweet to kiss, and cast then bruised

1795their fragrance loosing, under feet.

But here we seldom find such sweet

amid our labours long and hard,

from godlike idleness debarred.

And who would not taste the honey-sweet

1800lying to lips, or crush with feet

the soft cool tissue of pale flowers,

easing like gods the dragging hours?

A! curse the Gods! O hunger dire,

O blinding thirst’s unending fire!

1805One moment shall ye cease, and slake

your sting with morsel I here take!’

In his eyes the fire to flame was fanned,

and forth he stretched his brazen hand.

Lúthien as shadow shrank aside.

1810‘Not thus, O king! Not thus!’ she cried,

‘do great lords hark to humble boon!

For every minstrel hath his tune;

and some are strong and some are soft

and each would bear his song aloft,

1815and each a little while be heard,

though rude the note, and light the word.

But Lúthien hath cunning arts

for solace sweet of kingly hearts.

Now hearken!’ And her wings she caught

1820then deftly up, and swift as thought

slipped from his grasp, and wheeling round,

fluttering before his eyes, she wound

a mazy-wingéd dance, and sped

about his iron-crownéd head.

1825Suddenly her song began anew;

and soft came dropping like a dew

down from on high in that domed hall

her voice bewildering, magical,

and grew to silver-murmuring streams

1830pale falling in dark pools in dreams.

She let her flying raiment sweep,

enmeshed with woven spells of sleep,

as round the dark void she ranged and reeled.

From wall to wall she turned and wheeled

1835in dance such as never Elf nor fay

before devised, nor since that day;

than swallow swifter, than flittermouse

in dying light round darkened house

more silken-soft, more strange and fair

1840than sylphine maidens of the Air

whose wings in Varda’s heavenly hall

in rhythmic movement beat and fall.

Down crumpled Orc, and Balrog proud;

all eyes were quenched, all heads were bowed;

1845the fires of heart and maw were stilled,

and ever like a bird she thrilled

above a lightless world forlorn

in ecstasy enchanted borne.

All eyes were quenched, save those that glared

1850in Morgoth’s lowering brows, and stared

in slowly wandering wonder round,

and slow were in enchantment bound.

Their will wavered, and their fire failed,

and as beneath his brows they paled,

1855the Silmarils like stars were kindled

that in the reek of Earth had dwindled

escaping upwards clear to shine,

glistening marvellous in heaven’s mine.

Then flaring suddenly they fell,

1860down, down upon the floors of hell.

The dark and mighty head was bowed;

like mountain-top beneath a cloud

the shoulders foundered, the vast form

crashed, as in overwhelming storm

1865huge cliffs in ruin slide and fall;

and prone lay Morgoth in his hall.

His crown there rolled upon the ground,

a wheel of thunder; then all sound

died, and a silence grew as deep

1870as were the heart of Earth asleep.

Beneath the vast and empty throne

the adders lay like twisted stone,

the wolves like corpses foul were strewn;

and there lay Beren deep in swoon:

1875no thought, no dream nor shadow blind

moved in the darkness of his mind.

‘Come forth, come forth! The hour hath knelled,

and Angband’s mighty lord is felled!

Awake, awake! For we two meet

1880alone before the awful seat.’

This voice came down into the deep

where he lay drowned in wells of sleep;

a hand flower-soft and flower-cool

passed o’er his face, and the still pool

1885of slumber quivered. Up then leaped

his mind to waking; forth he crept.

The wolvish fell he flung aside

and sprang unto his feet, and wide

staring amid the soundless gloom

1890he gasped as one living shut in tomb.

There to his side he felt her shrink,

felt Lúthien now shivering sink,

her strength and magic dimmed and spent,

and swift his arms about her went.

1895Before his feet he saw amazed

the gems of Fëanor, that blazed

with white fire glistening in the crown

of Morgoth’s might now fallen down.

To move that helm of iron vast

1900no strength he found, and thence aghast

he strove with fingers mad to wrest

the guerdon of their hopeless quest,

till in his heart there fell the thought

of that cold morn whereon he fought

1905with Curufin; then from his belt

the sheathless knife he drew, and knelt,

and tried its hard edge, bitter-cold,

o’er which in Nogrod songs had rolled

of dwarvish armourers singing slow

1910to hammer-music long ago.

Iron as tender wood it clove

and mail as woof of loom it rove.

The claws of iron that held the gem,

it bit them through and sundered them;

1915a Silmaril he clasped and held,

and the pure radiance slowly welled

red glowing through the clenching flesh.

Again he stooped and strove afresh

one more of the holy jewels three

1920that Fëanor wrought of yore to free.

But round those fires was woven fate;

not yet should they leave the halls of hate.

The dwarvish steel of cunning blade

by treacherous smiths of Nogrod made

1925snapped; then ringing sharp and clear

in twain it sprang, and like a spear

or errant shaft the brow it grazed

of Morgoth’s sleeping head, and dazed

their hearts with fear. For Morgoth groaned

1930with voice entombed, like wind that moaned

in hollow caverns penned and bound.

There came a breath; a gasping sound

moved through the halls, as Orc and beast

turned in their dreams of hideous feast;

1935in sleep uneasy Balrogs stirred,

and far above was faintly heard

an echo that in tunnels rolled,

a wolvish howling long and cold.

******

Up through the dark and echoing gloom

1940as ghosts from many-tunnelled tomb,

up from the mountains’ roots profound

and the vast menace underground,

their limbs aquake with deadly fear,

terror in eyes, and dread in ear,

1945together fled they, by the beat

affrighted of their flying feet.

At last before them far away

they saw the glimmering wraith of day,

the mighty archway of the gate—

1950and there a horror new did wait.

Upon the threshold, watchful, dire,

his eyes new-kindled with dull fire,

towered Carcharoth, a biding doom:

his jaws were gaping like a tomb,

1955his teeth were bare, his tongue aflame;

aroused he watched that no one came,

no flitting shade nor hunted shape,

seeking from Angband to escape.

Now past that guard what guile or might

1960could thrust from death into the light?

He heard afar their hurrying feet,

he snuffed an odour strange and sweet;

he smelled their coming long before

they marked the waiting threat at door.

1965His limbs he stretched and shook off sleep,

then stood at gaze. With sudden leap

upon them as they sped he sprang,

and his howling in the arches rang.

Too swift for thought his onset came,

1970too swift for any spell to tame;

and Beren desperate then aside

thrust Lúthien, and forth did stride

unarmed, defenceless to defend

Tinúviel until the end.

1975With left he caught at hairy throat,

with right hand at the eyes he smote—

his right, from which the radiance welled

of the holy Silmaril he held.

As gleam of swords in fire there flashed

1980the fangs of Carcharoth, and crashed

together like a trap, that tore

the hand about the wrist, and shore

through brittle bone and sinew nesh,

devouring the frail mortal flesh;

1985and in that cruel mouth unclean

engulfed the jewel’s holy sheen.

An isolated page gives five further lines in the process of composition:

Against the wall then Beren reeled

but still with his left he sought to shield

fair Lúthien, who cried aloud

to see his pain, and down she bowed

in anguish sinking to the ground.

With the abandonment, towards the end of 1931, of The Lay of Leithian at this point in the tale of Beren and Lúthien my father had very largely reached the final form in narrative structure—as represented in the published Silmarillion. Although, after the completion of his work on The Lord of the Rings, he made some extensive revisions to The Lay of Leithian as it had lain since 1931 (see the Appendix, p. 257), it seems certain that he never extended the story any further in verse, save for this passage found on a separate sheet headed ‘a piece from the end of the poem’.

Where the forest-stream went through the wood,

and silent all the stems there stood

of tall trees, moveless, hanging dark

with mottled shadows on their bark

above the green and gleaming river,

there came through leaves a sudden shiver,

a windy whisper through the still

cool silences; and down the hill,

as faint as a deep sleeper’s breath,

an echo came as cold as death:

‘Long are the paths, of shadow made

where no foot’s print is ever laid,

over the hills, across the seas!

Far, far away are the Lands of Ease,

but the Land of the Lost is further yet,

where the Dead wait, while ye forget.

No moon is there, no voice, no sound

of beating heart; a sigh profound

once in each age as each age dies

alone is heard. Far, far it lies,

the Land of Waiting where the Dead sit,

in their thought’s shadow, by no moon lit.’

THE QUENTA SILMARILLION

In the years that followed, my father turned to a new prose version of the history of the Elder Days, and that is found in a manuscript bearing the title Quenta Silmarillion, which I will refer to as ‘QS’. Of intermediate texts between this and its predecessor the Quenta Noldorinwa (p. 103) there is now no trace, though they must have existed; but from the point where the story of Beren and Lúthien enters the Silmarillion history there are several largely incomplete drafts, owing to my father’s long hesitation between longer and shorter versions of the legend. A fuller version, which may be called for this purpose ‘QS I’, was abandoned, on account of its length, at the point where King Felagund in Nargothrond gave the crown to Orodreth his brother (p. 109, extract from the Quenta Noldorinwa).

This was followed by a very rough draft of the whole story; and that was the basis of a second, ‘short’ version, ‘QS II’, preserved in the same manuscript as QS I. It was very largely from these two versions that I derived the story of Beren and Lúthien as told in the published Silmarillion.

The making of QS II was a work still in progress in 1937; but in that year there entered considerations altogether aloof from the history of the Elder Days. On 21 September The Hobbit was published by Allen and Unwin, and was an immediate success; but it brought with it great pressure on my father to write a further book about hobbits. In October he said in a letter to Stanley Unwin, the chairman of Allen and Unwin, that he was ‘a little perturbed. I cannot think of anything more to say about hobbits. Mr Baggins seems to have exhibited so fully both the Took and the Baggins side of their nature. But I have only too much to say, and much already written, about the world into which the hobbit intruded.’ He said that he wanted an opinion on the value of these writings on the subject of ‘the world into which the hobbit intruded’; and he put together a collection of manuscripts and sent them off to Stanley Unwin on 15 November 1937. Included in the collection was QS II, which had reached the moment when Beren took into his hand the Silmaril which he had cut from Morgoth’s crown.

Long afterwards I learned that the list made out at Allen and Unwin of the manuscripts in my father’s consignment contained, in addition to Farmer Giles of Ham, Mr Bliss, and The Lost Road, two elements referred to as Long Poem and The Gnomes Material, titles which carry a suggestion of despair. Obviously the unwelcome manuscripts landed on the desk at Allen and Unwin without adequate explanation. I have told in detail the strange story of this consignment in an appendix to The Lays of Beleriand (1985), but to be brief, it is painfully clear that the Quenta Silmarillion (included in ‘the Gnomes Material’, together with whatever other texts may have been given this name) never reached the publishers’ reader—save for a few pages that had been attached, independently (and in the circumstances very misleadingly) to The Lay of Leithian. He was utterly perplexed, and proposed a solution to the relationship between the Long Poem and this fragment (much approved) of the prose work (i.e. the Quenta Silmarillion) that was (very understandably) radically incorrect. He wrote a puzzled report conveying his opinion, across which a member of the staff wrote, also understandably, ‘What are we to do?’

The outcome of a tissue of subsequent misunderstandings was that my father, wholly unaware that the Quenta Silmarillion had not in fact been read by anybody, told Stanley Unwin that he rejoiced that at least it had not been rejected ‘with scorn’, and that he now certainly hoped ‘to be able, or to be able to afford, to publish the Silmarillion!’

While QS II was gone he continued the narrative in a further manuscript, which told of the death of Beren in The Wolf-hunt of Carcharoth, intending to copy the new writing into QS II when the texts were returned; but when they were, on 16 December 1937, he put The Silmarillion aside. He still asked, in a letter to Stanley Unwin of that date, ‘And what more can hobbits do? They can be comic, but their comedy is suburban unless it is set against things more elemental.’ But three days later, on 19 December 1937, he announced to Allen and Unwin: ‘I have written the first chapter of a new story about Hobbits—“A long expected party”.’

It was at this point, as I wrote in the Appendix to The Children of Húrin, that the continuous and evolving tradition of The Silmarillion in the summarising, Quenta mode came to an end, brought down in full flight, at Túrin’s departure from Doriath, becoming an outlaw. The further history from that point remained during the years that followed in the compressed and undeveloped form of the Quenta of 1930, frozen, as it were, while the great structures of the Second and Third Ages arose with the writing of The Lord of the Rings. But that further history was of cardinal importance in the ancient legends, for the concluding stories (deriving from the original Book of Lost Tales) told of the disastrous history of Húrin, father of Túrin, after Morgoth released him, and of the ruin of the Elvish kingdoms of Nargothrond, Doriath, and Gondolin of which Gimli chanted in the mines of Moria many thousands of years afterwards.

The world was fair, the mountains tall,

in Elder Days before the fall

of mighty kings in Nargothrond

And Gondolin, who now beyond

the Western Seas have passed away . . .

And this was to be the crown and completion of the whole: the doom of the Noldorin Elves in their long struggle against the power of Morgoth, and the parts that Húrin and Túrin played in that history; ending with the Tale of Eärendil, who escaped from the burning ruin of Gondolin.

Many years later my father wrote in a letter (16 July 1964): ‘I offered them the legends of the Elder Days, but their readers turned that down. They wanted a sequel. But I wanted heroic legends and high romance. The result was The Lord of the Rings.’

*

When The Lay of Leithian was abandoned there was no explicit account of what followed the moment when ‘the fangs of Carcharoth crashed together like a trap’ on Beren’s hand in which he clutched the Silmaril; for this we must go back to the original Tale of Tinúviel (pp. 77–80), where there was a story of the desperate flight of Beren and Lúthien, of the hunt out of Angband pursuing them, and of Huan’s finding them and guiding them back to Doriath. In the Quenta Noldorinwa (p. 138) my father said of this simply that ‘there is little to tell’.

In the final story of the return of Beren and Lúthien to Doriath the chief (and radical) change to notice is the manner of their escape from the gates of Angband after the wounding of Beren by Carcharoth. This event, which The Lay of Leithian did not reach, is told in the words of The Silmarillion:

Thus the quest of the Silmaril was like to have ended in ruin and despair; but in that hour above the wall of the valley three mighty birds appeared, flying northward with wings swifter than the wind.

Among all birds and beasts the wandering and need of Beren had been noised, and Huan himself had bidden all things watch, that they might bring him aid. High above the realm of Morgoth Thorondor and his vassals soared, and seeing now the madness of the Wolf and Beren’s fall came swiftly down, even as the powers of Angband were released from the toils of sleep. Then they lifted up Beren and Lúthien from the earth, and bore them aloft into the clouds . . .

(As they passed high over the lands) Lúthien wept, for she thought that Beren would surely die; he spoke no word, nor opened his eyes, and knew thereafter nothing of his flight. And at the last the eagles set them down upon the borders of Doriath; and they were come to that same dell whence Beren had stolen in despair and left Lúthien asleep.

There the eagles laid her at Beren’s side and returned to the peaks of Crissaegrim and their high eyries; but Huan came to her, and together they tended Beren, even as before when she healed him of the wound that Curufin gave to him. But this wound was fell and poisonous. Long Beren lay, and his spirit wandered upon the dark borders of death, knowing ever an anguish that pursued him from dream to dream. Then suddenly, when her hope was almost spent, he woke again, and looked up, seeing leaves against the sky; and he heard beneath the leaves singing soft and slow beside him LúthienTinúviel. And it was spring again.

Thereafter Beren was named Erchamion, which is the One-handed; and suffering was graven in his face. But at last he was drawn back to life by the love of Lúthien, and he rose, and together they walked in the woods once more.

*

The story of Beren and Lúthien has now been told as it evolved in prose and verse over twenty years from the original Tale of Tinúviel. After initial hesitation Beren, whose father was at first Egnor the Forester, of the Elvish people called the Noldoli, translated into English as ‘Gnomes’, has become the son of Barahir, a chieftain of Men, and the leader of a band of rebels in hiding against the hateful tyranny of Morgoth. The memorable story has emerged (in 1925, in The Lay of Leithian) of the treachery of Gorlim and the slaying of Barahir (pp. 94 ff.); and while Vëannë who told the ‘lost tale’ knew nothing of what had brought Beren to Artanor, and surmised that it was a simple love of wandering (p. 41), he has become after the death of his father a far-famed enemy of Morgoth forced to flee to the South, where he opens the story of Beren and Tinúviel as he peers in the twilight through the trees of Thingol’s forest.

Very remarkable is the story, as it was told in The Tale of Tinúviel, of the captivity of Beren, on his journey to Angband in quest of a Silmaril, by Tevildo Prince of Cats; so too is the total subsequent transformation of that story. But if we say that the castle of the cats ‘is’ the tower of Sauron on Tol-in-Gaurhoth ‘Isle of Werewolves’ it can only be, as I have remarked elsewhere, in the sense that it occupies the same ‘space’ in the narrative. Beyond this there is no point in seeking even shadowy resemblances between the two establishments. The monstrous gormandising cats, their kitchens and their sunning terraces, and their engagingly Elvish-feline names, Miaugion, Miaulë, Meoita, have all vanished without trace. But beyond their hatred of dogs (and the importance to the story of the mutual loathing of Huan and Tevildo) it is evident that the inhabitants of the castle are no ordinary cats: very notable is this passage from the Tale (p. 69) concerning ‘the secret of the cats and the spell that Melko had entrusted to [Tevildo]’:

and those were words of magic whereby the stones of his evil house were held together, and whereby he held all beasts of the catfolk under his sway, filling them with an evil power beyond their nature; for long has it been said that Tevildo was an evil fay in beastlike shape.

It is also interesting to observe in this passage, as elsewhere, the manner in which aspects and incidents of the original tale may reappear but in a wholly different guise, arising from a wholly altered narrative conception. In the old Tale Tevildo was forced by Huan to reveal the spell, and when Tinúviel uttered it ‘the house of Tevildo shook; and there came therefrom a host of indwellers’ (which was a host of cats). In the Quenta Noldorinwa (p. 135) when Huan overthrew the terrible werewolf-wizard Thû, the Necromancer, in Tol-in-Gaurhoth he ‘won from him the keys and the spells that held together his enchanted walls and towers. So the stronghold was broken and the towers thrown down and the dungeons opened. Many captives were released . . .’

But here we move into the major shift in the story of Beren and Lúthien, when it was combined with the altogether distinct legend of Nargothrond. Through the oath of undying friendship and aid sworn to Barahir, the father of Beren, Felagund the founder of Nargothrond was drawn into Beren’s quest of the Silmaril (p. 117, lines 157 ff.); and there entered the story of the Elves from Nargothrond who disguised as Orcs were taken by Thû and ended their days in the gruesome dungeons of Tol-in-Gaurhoth. The quest of the Silmaril involved also Celegorm and Curufin, sons of Fëanor and a powerful presence in Nargothrond, through the destructive oath sworn by the Fëanorians of vengeance against any ‘who hold or take or keep a Silmaril against their will’. The captivity of Lúthien in Nargothrond, from which Huan rescued her, involved her in the plots and ambitions of Celegorm and Curufin: pp. 151–2, lines 247–72.

There remains the aspect of the story that is also the end of it, and of primary significance, as I believe, in the mind of its author. The earliest reference to the fates of Beren and Lúthien after Beren’s death in the hunt of Carcharoth is in The Tale of Tinúviel; but at that time both Beren and Lúthien were Elves. There it was said (p. 87):

‘Tinúviel crushed with sorrow and finding no comfort or light in all the world followed him swiftly down those dark ways that all must tread alone. Now her beauty and tender loveliness touched even the cold heart of Mandos, so that he suffered her to lead Beren forth once more into the world, nor has this ever been done since to Man or Elf . . . Yet said Mandos to those twain: “Lo, O Elves, it is not to any life of perfect joy that I dismiss you, for such may no longer be found in all the world where sits Melko of the evil heart—and know that ye will become mortal even as Men, and when ye fare hither again it will be for ever . . . .”’

That Beren and Lúthien had a further history in Middle-earth is made plain in this passage (‘their deeds afterward were very great, and many tales are told thereof’), but no more is said there than that they are i-Cuilwarthon, the Dead that Live Again, and ‘they became mighty fairies in the lands about the north of Sirion.’

In another of the Lost Tales, The Coming of the Valar, there is an account of those who came to Mandos (the name of his halls as well as that of the God, whose true name was Vê):

Thither in after days fared the Elves of all the clans who were by illhap slain with weapons or did die of grief for those who were slain—and only so might the Eldar die, and then it was only for a while. There Mandos spake their doom, and there they waited in the darkness, dreaming of their past deeds, until such time as he appointed when they might again be born into their children, and go forth to laugh and sing again.

With this may be compared the unplaced verses for The Lay of Leithian given on pp. 216–7, concerning ‘the Land of the Lost . . . where the Dead wait, while ye forget’:

No moon is there, no voice, no sound

of beating heart; a sigh profound

once in each age as each age dies

alone is heard. Far, far it lies,

the Land of Waiting where the Dead sit,

in their thought’s shadow, by no moon lit.

The conception that the Elves died only from wounds of weapons, or from grief, endured, and appears in the published Silmarillion:

For the Elves die not till the world dies, unless they are slain or waste in grief (and to both these seeming deaths they are subject); neither does age subdue their strength, unless one grow weary of ten thousand centuries; and dying they are gathered to the halls of Mandos in Valinor, whence they may in time return. But the sons of Men die indeed, and leave the world; wherefore they are called the Guests, or the Strangers. Death is their fate, the gift of Ilúvatar, which as Time wears even the Powers shall envy.

It seems to me that the words of Mandos in The Tale of Tinúviel cited above, ‘ye will become mortal even as Men, and when ye fare hither again it will be for ever’, imply that he was uprooting their destiny as Elves: having died as Elves could die, they would not be reborn, but be permitted—uniquely—to leave Mandos still in their own particular being. They would pay a price, nevertheless, for when they died a second time there would be no possibility of return, no ‘seeming death’, but the death that Men, of their nature, must suffer.

Later, in the Quenta Noldorinwa it is told (pp. 140–1) that ‘Lúthien failed and faded swiftly and vanished from the earth . . . . And she came to the halls of Mandos, and she sang to him a tale of moving love so fair that he was moved to pity, as never has befallen since.’

Beren he summoned, and thus, as Lúthien had sworn as she kissed him at the hour of death, they met beyond the western sea. And Mandos suffered them to depart, but he said that Lúthien should become mortal even as her lover, and should leave the earth once more in the manner of a mortal woman, and her beauty become but a memory of song. So it was, but it is said that in recompense Mandos gave to Beren and to Lúthien thereafter a long span of life and joy, and they wandered knowing thirst nor cold in the fair land of Beleriand, and no mortal Man thereafter spoke to Beren or his spouse.

In the draft text of the story of Beren and Lúthien prepared for the Quenta Silmarillion, referred to on p. 218, there enters the idea of the ‘choice of fate’ proposed to Beren and Lúthien before Mandos:

And this was the choice that he decreed for Beren and Lúthien. They should dwell now in Valinor until the world’s end in bliss, but in the end Beren and Lúthien must each go unto that appointed to their kind, when all things are changed: and of the mind of Ilúvatar concerning Men Manwë [Lord of the Valar] knows not. Or they might return unto Middle-earth without certitude of joy or life; then Lúthien should become mortal even as Beren, and subject to a second death, and in the end she should leave the earth for ever and her beauty become only a memory of song. And this doom they chose, that thus, whatsoever sorrow lay before them, their fates might be joined, and their paths lead together beyond the confines of the world. So it was that alone of the Eldalië Lúthien died and left the world long ago; yet by her have the Two Kindreds been joined, and she is the foremother of many.

This conception of the ‘Choice of Fate’ was retained, but in a different form, as seen in The Silmarillion: the choices were imposed on Lúthien alone, and they were changed. Lúthien may still leave Mandos and dwell until the end of the world in Valinor, because of her labours and her sorrow, and because she was the daughter of Melian; but thither Beren cannot come. Thus if she accepts the former, they must be separated now and for ever: because he cannot escape from his own destiny, cannot escape Death, which is the Gift of Ilúvatar and cannot be refused.

The second choice remained, and this she chose. Only so could Lúthien become united with Beren ‘beyond the world’: she herself must change the destiny of her being: she must become mortal, and die indeed.

As I have said, the story of Beren and Lúthien did not end with the judgement of Mandos, and some account of it, of its aftermath, and of the history of the Silmaril that Beren cut from the iron crown of Morgoth, must be given. There are difficulties in doing so in the form that I have chosen for this book, largely because the part played by Beren in his second life hinges on aspects of the history of the First Age that would cast the net too widely for the purpose of this book.

I have remarked (p. 103) of the Quenta Noldorinwa of 1930, which followed from and was much longer than the Sketch of the Mythology, that it remained ‘a compression, a compendious account’: it is said in the title of the work to be ‘the brief history of the Noldoli or Gnomes, drawn from the Book of Lost Tales’. Of these ‘summarising’ texts I wrote in The War of the Jewels (1994): ‘In these versions my father was drawing on (while also of course continually developing and extending) long works that already existed in prose or verse, and in the Quenta Silmarillion he perfected that characteristic tone, melodious, grave, elegiac, burdened with a sense of loss and distance in time, which resides partly, as I believe, in the literary fact that he was drawing down into a brief compendious history what he could also see in far more detailed, immediate, and dramatic form. With the completion of the great ‘intrusion’ and departure of The Lord of the Rings it seems that he returned to the Elder Days with a desire to take up again the far more ample scale with which he had begun long before, in The Book of Lost Tales. The completion of the Quenta Silmarillion remained an aim; but the ‘great tales’, vastly developed from their original forms—from which its later chapters should be derived—were never achieved.’

We are here concerned with a story that goes back to the latest written of the Lost Tales, where it bore the title The Tale of the Nauglafring: that being the original name of the Nauglamír, the Necklace of the Dwarves. But we come here to the furthest point in my father’s work on the Elder Days in the time following the completion of The Lord of the Rings: there is no new narrative. To cite my discussion in The War of the Jewels again, ‘it is as if we come to the brink of a great cliff and look down from highlands raised in some later age onto an ancient plain far below. For the story of the Nauglamír and the destruction of Doriath . . . we must return through more than a quarter of a century to the Quenta Noldorinwa or beyond.’ To the Quenta Noldorinwa (see p. 103) I will now turn, giving the relevant text in a very slightly shortened form.

The tale begins with the further history of the great treasure of Nargothrond that was taken by the evil dragon Glómund. After the death of Glómund, slain by Túrin Turambar, Húrin father of Túrin came with a few outlaws of the woods to Nargothrond, which as yet none, Orc, Elf, or Man, had dared to plunder, for dread of the spirit of Glómund and his very memory. But they found there one Mîm the Dwarf.

THE RETURN OF BEREN AND LÚTHIEN ACCORDING TO THE QUENTA NOLDORINWA

Now Mîm had found the halls and treasure of Nargothrond unguarded; and he took possession of them, and sat there in joy fingering the gold and gems, and letting them run ever through his hands; and he bound them to himself with many spells. But the folk of Mîm were few, and the outlaws filled with the lust of the treasure slew them, though Húrin would have stayed them; and at his death Mîm cursed the gold.

[Húrin went to Thingol and sought his aid, and the folk of Thingol bore the treasure to the Thousand Caves; then Húrin departed.]

Then the enchantment of the accursed dragon gold began to fall even upon the king of Doriath, and long he sat and gazed upon it, and the seed of the love of gold that was in his heart was waked to growth. Wherefore he summoned the greatest of all craftsmen that now were in the western world, since Nargothrond was no more (and Gondolin was not known), the Dwarves of Nogrod and Belegost, that they might fashion the gold and silver and the gems (for much was as yet unwrought) into countless vessels and fair things; and a marvellous necklace of great beauty they should make, whereon to hang the Silmaril.*

But the Dwarves coming were stricken at once with the lust and desire of the treasure, and they plotted treachery. They said one to another: ‘Is not this wealth as much the right of the Dwarves as of the Elvish king, and was it not wrested evilly from Mîm?’ Yet also they lusted for the Silmaril. And Thingol, falling deeper into the thraldom of the spell, for his part scanted his promised reward for their labour; and bitter words grew between them, and there was battle in Thingol’s halls. There many Elves and Dwarves were slain, and the howe wherein they were lain in Doriath was named Cûm-nan-Arasaith, the Mound of Avarice. But the remainder of the Dwarves were driven forth without reward or fee.

Therefore gathering new forces in Nogrod and in Belegost they returned at length, and aided by the treachery of certain Elves on whom the lust of the accursed treasure had fallen they passed into Doriath secretly.

There they surprised Thingol upon a hunt with but small company of arms; and Thingol was slain, and the fortress of the Thousand Caves taken at unawares and plundered; and so was brought well nigh to ruin the glory of Doriath and but one stronghold of the Elves [Gondolin] against Morgoth now remained, and their twilight was nigh at hand.

Queen Melian the Dwarves could not seize or harm, and she went forth to seek Beren and Lúthien. Now the Dwarf-road to Nogrod and Belegost in the Blue Mountains passed through East Beleriand and the woods about the River Gelion, where aforetime were the hunting grounds of Damrod and Díriel, sons of Fëanor. To the south of those lands between the river Gelion and the mountains lay the land of Ossiriand, and there lived and wandered still in peace and bliss Beren and Lúthien, in that time of respite which Lúthien had won, ere both should die; and their folk were the Green Elves of the South. But Beren went no more to war, and his land was filled with loveliness and a wealth of flowers, and Men called it oft Cuilwarthien, the Land of the Dead that Live.

To the north of that region is a ford across the river Ascar, and that ford is named Sarn Athrad, the Ford of Stones. This ford the Dwarves must pass ere they reached the mountain passes that led unto their homes; and there Beren fought his last fight, warned of their approach by Melian. In that battle the Green Elves took the Dwarves unawares as they were in the midst of their passage, laden with their plunder; and the Dwarvish chiefs were slain, and well nigh all their host. But Beren took the Nauglamír, the Necklace of the Dwarves, whereon was hung the Silmaril; and it is said and sung that Lúthien wearing that necklace and that immortal jewel on her white breast was the vision of greatest beauty and glory that has ever been seen outside the realms of Valinor, and that for a while the Land of the Dead that Live became like a vision of the land of the Gods, and no places have been since so fair, so fruitful, or so filled with light.

Yet Melian warned them ever of the curse that lay upon the treasure and upon the Silmaril. The treasure they had drowned indeed in the river Ascar, and named it anew Rathlorion, Goldenbed, yet the Silmaril they retained. And in time the brief hour of loveliness of the land of Rathlorion departed. For Lúthien faded as Mandos had spoken, even as the Elves of later days faded and she vanished from the world;* and Beren died, and none know where their meeting shall be again.’

Thereafter was Dior Thingol’s heir, child of Beren and Lúthien, king in the woods: most fair of all the children of the world, for his race was threefold: of the fairest and goodliest of Men, and of the Elves, and of the spirits divine of Valinor; yet it shielded him not from the fate of the oath of the sons of Fëanor. For Dior went back to Doriath and for a time a part of its ancient glory was raised anew, though Melian no longer dwelt in that place, and she departed to the land of the Gods beyond the western sea, to muse on her sorrows in the gardens whence she came.

But Dior wore the Silmaril upon his breast and the fame of that jewel went far and wide; and the deathless oath was waked once more from sleep.

For while Lúthien wore that peerless gem no Elf would dare assail her, and not even Maidros dared ponder such a thought. But now hearing of the renewal of Doriath and Dior’s pride, the seven gathered again from wandering; and they sent unto Dior to claim their own. But he would not yield the jewel unto them, and they came upon him with all their host; and so befell the second slaying of Elf by Elf, and the most grievous. There fell Celegorm and Curufin and dark Cranthir, but Dior was slain, and Doriath was destroyed and never rose again.

Yet the sons of Fëanor gained not the Silmaril; for faithful servants fled before them and took with them Elwing the daughter of Dior, and she escaped, and they bore with them the Nauglafring, and came in time to the mouth of the river Sirion by the sea.

[In a text somewhat later than the Quenta Noldorinwa, the earliest form of The Annals of Beleriand, the story was changed, in that Dior returned to Doriath while Beren and Lúthien were still alive in Ossiriand; and what befell him there I will give in the words of The Silmarillion:

There came a night of autumn, and when it grew late, one came and smote upon the doors of Menegroth, demanding admittance to the King. He was a lord of the Green Elves hastening from Ossiriand, and the doorwards brought him to where Dior sat alone in his chamber; and there in silence he gave to the King a coffer, and took his leave. But in that coffer lay the Necklace of the Dwarves, wherein was set the Silmaril; and Dior looking upon it knew it for a sign that Beren Erchamion and Lúthien Tinúviel had died indeed, and gone where go the race of Men to a fate beyond the world.

Long did Dior gaze upon the Silmaril, which his father and mother had brought beyond hope out of the terror of Morgoth; and his grief was great that death had come upon them so soon.]

EXTRACT FROM THE LOST TALE OF THE NAUGLAFRING

Here I will step back from the chronology of composition and turn to the Lost Tale of the Nauglafring. The reason for this is that the passage given here is a notable example of the expansive mode, observant of visual and often dramatic detail, adopted by my father in the early days of The Silmarillion; but the Lost Tale as a whole extends into ramifications unneeded in this book. A very brief summary of the battle at Sarn Athrad, the Stony Ford, appears therefore in the text of the Quenta, p. 235, while there follows here the much fuller account from the Lost Tale, with the duel between Beren and Naugladur, lord of the Dwarves of Nogrod in the Blue Mountains.

The passage begins with the approach of the Dwarves, led by Naugladur, to Sarn Athrad, on their return from the sack of the Thousand Caves.

Now came all that host [to the river Ascar], and their array was thus: first a number of unladen Dwarves most fully armed, and amidmost the great company of those that bore the treasury of Glómund, and many a fair thing beside that they had haled from Tinwelint’s halls; and behind these was Naugladur, and he bestrode Tinwelint’s horse, and a strange figure did he seem, for the legs of the Dwarves are short and crooked, but two Dwarves led that horse for it went not willingly and it was laden with spoil. But behind these came a mass of armed men but little laden; and in this array they sought to cross Sarn Athrad on their day of doom.

Morn was it when they reached the hither bank, and high noon saw them yet passing in long-strung lines and wading slowly the shallow places of the swift-running stream. Here doth it widen out and fare down narrow channels filled with boulders atween long spits of shingle and stones less great. Now did Naugladur slip from his burdened horse and prepare to get him over, for the armed host of the vanguard had climbed already the further bank, and it was great and sheer and thick with trees, and the bearers of the gold were some already stepped thereon and some amidmost of the stream, but the armed men of the rear were resting awhile.

Suddenly is all that place filled with the sound of elven horns, and one [? brays] with a clearer blast above the rest, and it is the horn of Beren, the huntsman of the woods. Then is the air thick with the slender arrows of the Eldar that err not neither doth the wind bear them aside, and lo, from every tree and boulder do the brown Elves and the green spring suddenly and loose unceasingly from full quivers. Then was there a panic and a noise in the host of Naugladur, and those that waded in the ford cast their golden burdens in the waters and sought affrighted to either bank, but many were stricken with those pitiless darts and fell with their gold into the currents of the Aros, staining its clear waters with their dark blood.

Now were the warriors on the far bank [? wrapped] in battle and rallying sought to come at their foes, but these fled nimbly before them, while [? others] poured still the hail of arrows upon them, and thus got the Eldar few hurts and the Dwarf-folk fell dead unceasingly. Now was that great fight of the Stony Ford . . . nigh to Naugladur, for even though Naugladur and his captains led their bands stoutly never might they grip their foe, and death fell like rain upon their ranks until the most part broke and fled, and a noise of clear laughter echoed from the Elves thereat, and they forbore to shoot more, for the illshapen figures of the Dwarves as they fled, their white beards torn by the wind, filled them with mirth. But now stood Naugladur and few were about him, and he remembered the words of Gwendelin,* for behold, Beren came towards him and he cast aside his bow, and drew a bright sword; and Beren was of great stature among the Eldar, albeit not of the girth and breadth of Naugladur of the Dwarves.

Then said Beren: ‘Ward thy life if thou canst, O crook-legged murderer, else will I take it,’ and Naugladur bid him even the Nauglafring, the necklace of wonder, that he be suffered to go unharmed; but Beren said: ‘Nay, that may I still take when thou art slain,’ and thereat he made alone upon Naugladur and his companions, and having slain the foremost of these the others fled away amid elven laughter, and so Beren came upon Naugladur, slayer of Tinwelint. Then did that aged one defend himself doughtily, and ’twas a bitter fight, and many of the Elves that watched for love and fear of their captain fingered their bow-strings, but Beren called even as he fought that all should stay their hands.

Now little doth the tale tell of wounds and blows of that affray, save that Beren got many hurts therein, and many of his shrewdest blows did little harm to Naugladur by reason of the [? skill] and magic of his dwarfen mail; and it is said that three hours they fought and Beren’s arms grew weary, but not those of Naugladur accustomed to wield his mighty hammer at the forge, and it is more than like that otherwise would the issue have been but for the curse of Mîm; for marking how Beren grew faint Naugladur pressed him ever more nearly, and the arrogance that was of that grievous spell came into his heart, and he thought: ‘I will slay this Elf, and his folk will flee in fear before me,’ and grasping his sword he dealt a mighty blow and cried: ‘Take here thy bane, O stripling of the woods,’ and in that moment his foot found a jagged stone and he stumbled forward, but Beren slipped aside from that blow and catching at his beard his hand found the carcanet of gold, and therewith he swung Naugladur suddenly off his feet upon his face: and Naugladur’s sword was shaken from his grasp, but Beren seized it and slew him therewith, for he said: ‘I will not sully my bright blade with thy dark blood, since there is no need.’ But the body of Naugladur was cast into the Aros.

Then did he unloose the necklace, and he gazed in wonder at it—and beheld the Silmaril, even the jewel he won from Angband and gained undying glory by his deed; and he said: ‘Never have mine eyes beheld thee O Lamp of Faëry burn one half so fair as now thou dost, set in gold and gems and the magic of the Dwarves’; and that necklace he caused to be washed of its stains, and he cast it not away, knowing nought of its power, but bore it with him back into the woods of Hithlum.

To this passage from the Tale of the Nauglafring there corresponds only the few words of the Quenta cited in the extract cited on p. 235:

In that battle [Sarn Athrad] the Green Elves took the Dwarves at unawares as they were in the midst of their passage, laden with their plunder; and the Dwarvish chiefs were slain, and well nigh all their host. But Beren took the Nauglamír, the Necklace of the Dwarves, whereon was hung the Silmaril . . .

This illustrates my observation on p. 231, that my father ‘was drawing down into a brief compendious history what he could also see in a far more detailed, immediate, and dramatic form.’

I will conclude this short excursion into the Lost Tale of the Necklace of the Dwarves with a further quotation, origin of the story as told in the Quenta (pp. 236–7) of the deaths of Beren and Lúthien, and the slaying of Dior, their son. I take up this extract with words between Beren and Gwendelin (Melian) when Lúthien first wore the Nauglafring. Beren declared that never had she appeared so beautiful; but Gwendelin said: ‘Yet the Silmaril abode in the Crown of Melko, and that is the work of baleful smiths indeed.’

Then said Tinúviel that she desired not things of worth or precious stones, but the elven gladness of the forest, and to pleasure Gwendelin she cast it from her neck; but Beren was little pleased and he would not suffer it to be flung away, but warded it in his [? treasury].

Thereafter did Gwendelin abide a while in the woods among them and was healed [of her overwhelming grief for Tinwelint]; and in the end she fared wistfully back to the land of Lórien and came never again into the tales of the dwellers of Earth; but upon Beren and Lúthien fell swiftly that doom of mortality that Mandos had spoken when he sped them from his halls—and in this perhaps did the curse of Mîm have [? potency] in that it came more soon upon them; nor this time did those twain fare the road together, but when yet was their child, Dior the Fair, a little one, did Tinúviel slowly fade, even as the Elves of later days have done throughout the world, and she vanished in the woods, and none have seen her dancing ever there again. But Beren searched all the lands of Hithlum and of Artanor ranging after her; and never has any of the Elves had more loneliness than his, or ever he too faded from life, and Dior his son was left ruler of the brown Elves and the green, and Lord of the Nauglafring.

Mayhap what all Elves say is true, that those twain hunt now in the forest of Oromë in Valinor, and Tinúviel dances on the green swards of Nessa and Vána daughters of the Gods for ever more; yet great was the grief of the Elves when the Guilwarthon went from among them, and being leaderless and lessened of magic their numbers minished; and many fared away to Gondolin, the rumour of whose growing power and glory ran in secret whispers among all the Elves.

Still did Dior when come to manhood rule a numerous folk, and he loved the woods even as Beren had done; and songs name him mostly Ausir the Wealthy for his possession of that wondrous gem set in the Necklace of the Dwarves. Now the tales of Beren and Tinúviel grew dim in his heart, and he took to wearing it about his neck and to love its loveliness most dearly; and the fame of that jewel spread like fire through all the regions of the North, and the Elves said one to another: ‘A Silmaril burns in the woods of Hisilómë.’

The Tale of the Nauglafring told in greater detail of the assault on Dior and his death at the hands of the sons of Fëanor, and this last of the Lost Tales to receive consecutive form ends with the escape of Elwing:

She wandered in the woods, and of the brown Elves and the green a few gathered to her, and they departed for ever from the glades of Hithlum and got them to the south towards Sirion’s deep waters, and the pleasant lands.

And thus did all the fates of the fairies weave then to one strand, and that strand is the great tale of Eärendel; and to that tale’s true beginning are we now come.

*

There follow in the Quenta Noldorinwa passages concerned with the history of Gondolin and its fall, and the history of Tuor, who was wedded to Idril Celebrindal daughter of Turgon king of Gondolin; their son was Eärendel, who with them escaped from the destruction of the city and came to the Mouths of Sirion. The Quenta continues, following from the flight of Elwing daughter of Dior from Doriath to the mouths of Sirion (pp. 236–7):

By Sirion there grew up an elven folk, the gleanings of Doriath and Gondolin, and they took to the sea and the making of fair ships, and they dwelt nigh unto its shores and under the shadow of Ulmo’s hand . . .

In those days Tuor felt old age creep upon him, and he could not forbear the longing that possessed him for the sea; wherefore he built a great ship Eärámë, Eagle’s Pinion, and with Idril he set sail into the sunset and the West, and came no more into any tale. But Eärendel the shining became the lord of the folk of Sirion and took to wife fair Elwing, the daughter of Dior; and yet he could not rest. Two thoughts were in his heart blended as one: the longing for the wide sea; and he thought to sail thereon following after Tuor and Idril Celebrindal who returned not, and he thought to find perhaps the last shore and bring ere he died a message to the Gods and Elves of the West that should move their hearts to pity on the world and the sorrows of Mankind.

Wingelot he built, fairest of the ships of song, the Foam-flower; white were its timbers as the argent moon, golden were its oars, silver were its shrouds, its masts were crowned with jewels like stars. In The Lay of Eärendel is many a thing sung of his adventures in the deep and in lands untrod, and in many seas and many isles. . . But Elwing sat sorrowing at home.

Eärendel found not Tuor, nor came he ever on that journey to the shores of Valinor; and at last he was driven by the winds back East, and he came at a time of night to the havens of Sirion, unlooked for, unwelcomed, for they were desolate . . .

The dwelling of Elwing at Sirion’s mouth, where still she possessed the Nauglamír and the glorious Silmaril, became known to the sons of Fëanor; and they gathered together from their wandering hunting-paths.

But the folk of Sirion would not yield that jewel which Beren had won and Lúthien had worn, and for which fair Dior had been slain. And so befell the last and cruellest of the slaying of Elf by Elf, the third woe achieved by the accursed oath; for the sons of Fëanor came down upon the exiles of Gondolin and the remnant of Doriath, and though some of their folk stood aside and some few rebelled and were slain upon the other part aiding Elwing against their own lords, yet they won the day. Damrod was slain and Díriel, and Maidros and Maglor alone now remained of the Seven; but the last of the folk of Gondolin were destroyed or forced to depart and join them to the people of Maidros. And yet the sons of Fëanor gained not the Silmaril; for Elwing cast the Nauglamír into the sea, whence it shall not return until the End; and she leapt herself into the waves, and took the form of a white sea-bird, and flew away lamenting and seeking for Eärendel about all the shores of the world.

But Maidros took pity upon her child Elrond, and took him with him, and harboured and nurtured him, for his heart was sick and weary with the burden of the dreadful oath.

Learning these things Eärendel was overcome with sorrow; and he set sail once more in search of Elwing and of Valinor. And it is told in the Lay of Eärendel that he came at last unto the Magic Isles, and hardly escaped their enchantment, and found again the Lonely Isle, and the Shadowy Seas, and the Bay of Faërie on the borders of the world. There he landed on the immortal shore alone of living Men, and his feet climbed the marvellous hill of Kôr; and he walked in the deserted ways of Tûn, where the dust on his raiment and his shoes was a dust of diamonds and gems. But he ventured not into Valinor.

He built a tower in the Northern Seas to which all the sea-birds of the world might at times repair, and ever he grieved for fair Elwing, looking for her return to him. And Wingelot was lifted on their wings and sailed now even in the airs searching for Elwing; marvellous and magical was that ship, a starlit flower in the sky. But the Sun scorched it and the Moon hunted it in heaven, and long Eärendel wandered over Earth, glimmering as a fugitive star.

Here the tale of Eärendel and Elwing ends in the Quenta Noldorinwa as originally composed; but at a later time a rewriting of this last passage altered profoundly the idea that the Silmaril of Beren and Lúthien was lost for ever in the sea. As rewritten it reads:

And yet Maidros gained not the Silmaril, for Elwing seeing that all was lost and her children Elros and Elrond taken captive, eluded the host of Maidros, and with the Nauglamír upon her breast she cast herself into the sea, and perished, as folk thought. But Ulmo bore her up, and upon her breast there shone as a star the shining Silmaril, as she flew over the water to seek Eärendel her beloved. And on a time of night Eärendel at the helm saw her come towards him, as a white cloud under moon exceeding swift, as a star over the sea moving in strange course, a pale flame on wings of storm.

And it is sung that she fell from the air upon the timbers of Wingelot, in a swoon, nigh unto death for the urgency of her speed, and Eärendel took her into his bosom. And in the morn with marvelling eyes he beheld his wife in her own form beside him with her hair upon his face; and she slept.

From here onwards the tale told in the Quenta Noldorinwa, largely rewritten, reached in essentials that in The Silmarillion, and I will end the story in this book with citation of that work.

THE MORNING AND EVENING STAR

Great was the sorrow of Eärendil and Elwing for the ruin of the havens of Sirion, and the captivity of their sons, and they feared that they would be slain; but it was not so. For Maglor took pity upon Elros and Elrond, and he cherished them, and love grew after between them, as little might be thought; but Maglor’s heart was sick and weary with the burden of the dreadful oath.

Yet Eärendil saw now no hope left in the lands of Middle-earth, and he turned again in despair and came not home, but sought back once more to Valinor with Elwing at his side. He stood now most often at the prow of Vingilot, and the Silmaril was bound upon his brow; and ever its light grew greater as they drew into the West . . .

Then Eärendil, first of living Men, landed on the immortal shores; and he spoke there to Elwing and to those that were with him, and they were three mariners who had sailed all the seas beside him: Falathar, Erellont, and Aerandir were their names. And Eärendil said to them: ‘Here none but myself shall set foot, lest you fall under the wrath of the Valar. But that peril I will take on myself alone, for the sake of the Two Kindreds.’

But Elwing answered: ‘Then would our paths be sundered for ever, but all thy perils I will take on myself also.’ And she leaped into the white foam and ran towards him; but Eärendil was sorrowful, for he feared the anger of the Lords of the West upon any of Middle-earth that should dare to pass the leaguer of Aman. And there they bade farewell to the companions of their voyage, and were taken from them for ever.

Then Eärendil said to Elwing: ‘Await me here; for one only may bring the message that it is my fate to bear.’ And he went up alone into the land, and came into the Calacirya, and it seemed to him empty and silent; for even as Morgoth and Ungoliant came in ages past, so now Eärendil had come at a time of festival, and wellnigh all the Elvenfolk were gone to Valimar, or were gathered in the halls of Manwë upon Taniquetil, and few were left to keep watch upon the walls of Tirion.

But some there were who saw him from afar, and the great light that he bore; and they went in haste to Valimar. But Eärendil climbed the green hill of Túna and found it bare; and he entered into the streets of Tirion, and they were empty; and his heart was heavy, for he feared that some evil had come even to the Blessed Realm. He walked in the deserted ways of Tirion, and the dust upon his raiment and his shoes was a dust of diamonds, and he shone and glistened as he climbed the long white stairs. And he called aloud in many tongues, both of Elves and Men, but there were none to answer him. Therefore he turned back at last towards the sea; but even as he took the shoreward road one stood upon the hill and called to him in a great voice, crying:

‘Hail Eärendil, of mariners most renowned, the looked for that cometh at unawares, the longed for that cometh beyond hope! Hail Eärendil, bearer of light before the Sun and Moon! Splendour of the Children of Earth, star in the darkness, jewel in the sunset, radiant in the morning!’

That voice was the voice of Eönwë, herald of Manwë, and he came from Valimar, and summoned Eärendil to come before the Powers of Arda. And Eärendil went into Valinor and to the halls of Valimar, and never again set foot upon the lands of Men. Then the Valar took counsel together, and they summoned Ulmo from the deeps of the sea; and Eärendil stood before their faces, and delivered the errand of the Two Kindreds. Pardon he asked for the Noldor and pity for their great sorrows, and mercy upon Men and Elves and succour in their need. And his prayer was granted.

It is told among the Elves that after Eärendil had departed, seeking Elwing his wife, Mandos spoke concerning his fate; and he said: ‘Shall mortal man step living upon the undying lands, and yet live?’ But Ulmo said: ‘For this he was born into the world. And say unto me: whether is he Eärendil Tuor’s son of the line of Hador, or the son of Idril, Turgon’s daughter, of the Elven-house of Finwë?’ And Mandos answered: ‘Equally the Noldor, who went wilfully into exile, may not return hither.’

But when all was spoken, Manwë gave judgement, and he said: ‘In this matter the power of doom is given to me. The peril that he ventured for love of the Two Kindreds shall not fall upon Eärendil, nor shall it fall upon Elwing his wife, who entered into peril for love of him; but they shall not walk again ever among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. And this is my decree concerning them: to Eärendil and Elwing, and to their sons, shall be given leave each to choose freely to which kindred their fates shall be joined, and under which kindred they shall be judged.’

[Now when Eärendil was long time gone Elwing became lonely and afraid; but as she wandered by the margin of the sea he found her.] Ere long they were summoned to Valimar; and there the decree of the Elder King was declared to them.

Then Eärendil said to Elwing: ‘Choose thou, for now I am weary of the world.’ And Elwing chose to be judged among the Firstborn Children of Ilúvatar, because of Lúthien; and for her sake Eärendil chose alike, though his heart was rather with the kindred of Men and the people of his father.

Then at the bidding of the Valar Eönwë went to the shore of Aman, where the companions of Eärendil still remained, awaiting tidings; and he took a boat, and the three mariners were set therein, and the Valar drove them away into the East with a great wind. But they took Vingilot, and hallowed it, and bore it away through Valinor to the uttermost rim of the world; and there it passed through the Door of Night and was lifted up even into the oceans of heaven.

Now fair and marvellous was that vessel made, and it was filled with a wavering flame, pure and bright; and Eärendil the Mariner sat at the helm, glistening with dust of elven-gems, and the Silmaril was bound upon his brow. Far he journeyed in that ship, even into the starless voids; but most often was he seen at morning or at evening, glimmering at sunrise or at sunset, as he came back to Valinor from voyages beyond the confines of the world.

On those journeys Elwing did not go, for she might not endure the cold and the pathless voids, and she loved rather the earth and the sweet winds that blow on sea and hill. Therefore there was built for her a white tower northward upon the borders of the Sundering Seas; and thither at times all the sea-birds of the earth repaired. And it is said that Elwing learned the tongues of birds, who herself had once worn their shape; and they taught her the craft of flight, and her wings were of white and of silver-grey. And at times, when Eärendil returning drew near again to Arda, she would fly to meet him, even as she had flown long ago, when she was rescued from the sea. Then the far-sighted among the Elves that dwelt in the Lonely Isle would see her like a white bird, shining, rose-stained in the sunset, as she soared in joy to greet the coming of Vingilot to haven.

Now when first Vingilot was set to sail in the seas of heaven it rose unlooked for, glittering and bright; and the people of Middle-earth beheld it from afar and wondered, and they took it for a sign, and called it Gil-Estel, the Star of High Hope. And when this new star was seen at evening, Maedhros spoke to Maglor his brother, and he said: ‘Surely that is a Silmaril that shines now in the West?’

And of the final departure of Beren and Lúthien? In the words of the Quenta Silmarillion: None saw Beren and Lúthien leave the world or marked where at last their bodies lay.

APPENDIX

REVISIONS TO
THE LAY OF LEITHIAN

Among the first, perhaps even the very first, of the literary tasks that attracted my father after the completion of The Lord of the Rings was a return to The Lay of Leithian: not (needless to say) to continue the narrative from the point reached in 1931 (the attack on Beren by Carcharoth at the gates of Angband), but from the beginning of the poem. The textual history of the writing is very complex, and no more need be said of it here beyond remarking that whereas at first my father seems to have embarked on a radical rewriting of the Lay as a whole, the impulse soon died away, or was overtaken, and was reduced to short and scattered passages. I give here, however, as a substantial example of the new verse after the lapse of a quarter of a century, the passage of the Lay concerning the treachery of Gorlim the Unhappy that led to the slaying of Barahir, the father of Beren, and all his companions, save Beren alone. This is by far the longest of the new passages; and—conveniently—it may be compared with the original text that has been given on pp. 94–102. It will be seen that Sauron (Thû), ridden here from ‘Gaurhoth Isle’, has replaced Morgoth; and that in the quality of the verse this is a new poem.

I begin the new text with a short passage entitled Of Tarn Aeluin the Blessed which has no counterpart in the original version: these verses are numbered 1–26.

Such deeds of daring there they wrought

that soon the hunters that them sought

at rumour of their coming fled.

Though price was set upon each head

5to match the weregild of a king,

no soldier could to Morgoth bring

news even of their hidden lair;

for where the highland brown and bare

above the darkling pines arose

10of steep Dorthonion to the snows

and barren mountain-winds, there lay

a tarn of water, blue by day,

by night a mirror of dark glass

for stars of Elbereth that pass

15above the world into the West.

Once hallowed, still that place was blest:

no shadow of Morgoth, and no evil thing

yet thither came; a whispering ring

of slender birches silver-grey

20stooped on its margin, round it lay

a lonely moor, and the bare bones

of ancient Earth like standing stones

thrust through the heather and the whin;

and there by houseless Aeluin

25the hunted lord and faithful men

under the grey stones made their den.

OF GORLIM UNHAPPY

Gorlim Unhappy, Angrim’s son,

as the tale tells, of these was one,

most fierce and hopeless. He to wife,

30while fair was the fortune of his life,

took the white maiden Eilinel:

dear love they had ere evil fell.

To war he rode; from war returned

to find his fields and homestead burned,

35his house forsaken roofless stood,

empty amid the leafless wood;

and Eilinel, white Eilinel,

was taken whither none could tell,

to death or thraldom far away.

40Black was the shadow of that day

for ever on his heart, and doubt

still gnawed him as he went about,

in wilderness wandring, or at night

oft sleepless, thinking that she might

45ere evil came have timely fled

into the woods: she was not dead,

she lived, she would return again

to seek him, and would deem him slain.

Therefore at whiles he left the lair,

50and secretly, alone, would peril dare,

and come to his old house at night,

broken and cold, without fire or light,

and naught but grief renewed would gain,

watching and waiting there in vain.

55In vain, or worse—for many spies

had Morgoth, many lurking eyes

well used to pierce the deepest dark;

and Gorlim’s coming they would mark

and would report. There came a day

60when once more Gorlim crept that way,

down the deserted weedy lane

at dusk of autumn sad with rain

and cold wind whining. Lo! a light

at window fluttering in the night

65amazed he saw; and drawing near,

between faint hope and sudden fear,

he looked within. ’Twas Eilinel!

Though changed she was, he knew her well.

With grief and hunger she was worn,

70her tresses tangled, raiment torn;

her gentle eyes with tears were dim,

as soft she wept: ‘Gorlim, Gorlim!

Thou canst not have forsaken me.

Then slain, alas! thou slain must be!

75And I must linger cold, alone,

and loveless as a barren stone!’

One cry he gave—and then the light

blew out, and in the wind of night

wolves howled; and on his shoulder fell

80suddenly the griping hands of hell.

There Morgoth’s servants fast him caught

and he was cruelly bound, and brought

to Sauron captain of the host,

the lord of werewolf and of ghost,

85most foul and fell of all who knelt

at Morgoth’s throne. In might he dwelt

on Gaurhoth Isle; but now had ridden

with strength abroad, by Morgoth bidden

to find the rebel Barahir.

90He sat in dark encampment near,

and thither his butchers dragged their prey.

There now in anguish Gorlim lay:

with bond on neck, on hand and foot,

to bitter torment he was put,

95to break his will and him constrain

to buy with treason end of pain.

But naught to them would he reveal

of Barahir, nor break the seal

of faith that on his tongue was laid;

100until at last a pause was made,

and one came softly to his stake,

a darkling form that stooped, and spake

to him of Eilinel his wife.

‘Wouldst thou,’ he said, ‘forsake thy life,

105who with few words might win release

for her, and thee, and go in peace,

and dwell together far from war,

friends of the King? What wouldst thou more?’

And Gorlim, now long worn with pain,

110yearning to see his wife again

(whom well he weened was also caught

in Sauron’s net), allowed the thought

to grow, and faltered in his troth.

Then straight, half willing and half loath,

115they brought him to the seat of stone

where Sauron sat. He stood alone

before that dark and dreadful face,

and Sauron said: ‘Come, mortal base!

What do I hear? That thou wouldst dare

120to barter with me? Well, speak fair!

What is thy price?’ And Gorlim low

bowed down his head, and with great woe,

word on slow word, at last implored

that merciless and faithless lord

125that he might free depart, and might

again find Eilinel the white,

and dwell with her, and cease from war

against the King. He craved no more.

Then Sauron smiled, and said: ‘Thou thrall!

130The price thou askest is but small

for treachery and shame so great!

I grant it surely! Well, I wait:

Come! Speak now swiftly and speak true!’

Then Gorlim wavered, and he drew

135half back; but Sauron’s daunting eye

there held him, and he dared not lie:

as he began, so must he wend

from first false step to faithless end:

he all must answer as he could,

140betray his lord and brotherhood,

and cease, and fall upon his face.

Then Sauron laughed aloud. ‘Thou base,

thou cringing worm! Stand up,

and hear me! And now drink the cup

145that I have sweetly blent for thee!

Thou fool: a phantom thou didst see

that I, I Sauron, made to snare

thy lovesick wits. Naught else was there.

Cold ’tis with Sauron’s wraiths to wed!

150Thy Eilinel! She is long since dead,

dead, food of worms less low than thou.

And yet thy boon I grant thee now:

to Eilinel thou soon shalt go,

and lie in her bed, no more to know

155of war—or manhood. Have thy pay!’

And Gorlim then they dragged away,

and cruelly slew him; and at last

in the dank mould his body cast,

where Eilinel long since had lain

160in the burned woods by butchers slain.

Thus Gorlim died an evil death,

and cursed himself with dying breath,

and Barahir at last was caught

in Morgoth’s snare; for set at naught

165by treason was the ancient grace

that guarded long that lonely place,

Tarn Aeluin: now all laid bare

were secret paths and hidden lair.

OF BEREN SON OF BARAHIR & HIS ESCAPE

Dark from the North now blew the cloud;

170the winds of autumn cold and loud

hissed in the heather; sad and grey

Aeluin’s mournful water lay.

‘Son Beren’, then said Barahir,

‘Thou knowst the rumour that we hear

175of strength from the Gaurhoth that is sent

against us; and our food nigh spent.

On thee the lot falls by our law

to go forth now alone to draw

what help thou canst from the hidden few

180that feed us still, and what is new

to learn. Good fortune go with thee!

In speed return, for grudgingly

we spare thee from our brotherhood

so small: and Gorlim in the wood

185is long astray or dead. Farewell!’

As Beren went, still like a knell

resounded in his heart that word,

the last of his father that he heard.

Through moor and fen, by tree and briar

190he wandered far: he saw the fire

of Sauron’s camp, he heard the howl

of hunting Orc and wolf a-prowl,

and turning back, for long the way,

benighted in the forest lay.

195In weariness he then must sleep,

fain in a badger-hole to creep,

and yet he heard (or dreamed it so)

nearby a marching legion go

with clink of mail and clash of shields

200up towards the stony mountain-fields.

He slipped then into darkness down,

until, as man that waters drown

strives upwards gasping, it seemed to him

he rose through slime beside the brim

205of sullen pool beneath dead trees.

Their livid boughs in a cold breeze

trembled, and all their black leaves stirred:

each leaf a black and croaking bird,

whose neb a gout of blood let fall.

210He shuddered, struggling thence to crawl

through winding weeds, when far away

he saw a shadow faint and grey

gliding across the dreary lake.

Slowly it came, and softly spake:

215‘Gorlim I was, but now a wraith

of will defeated, broken faith,

traitor betrayed. Go! Stay not here!

Awaken, son of Barahir,

and haste! For Morgoth’s fingers close

220upon thy father’s throat; he knows

your trysts, your paths, your secret lair.’

Then he revealed the devil’s snare

in which he fell, and failed; and last

begging forgiveness, wept, and passed

225out into darkness. Beren woke,

leapt up as one by sudden stroke

with fire of anger filled. His bow

and sword he seized, and like the roe

hotfoot o’er rock and heath he sped

230before the dawn. Ere day was dead

to Aeluin at last he came,

as the red sun westward sank in flame;

but Aeluin was red with blood,

red were the stones and trampled mud.

235Black in the birches sat a-row

the raven and the carrion crow;

wet were their nebs, and dark the meat

that dripped beneath their griping feet.

One croaked: ‘Ha, ha, he comes too late!’

240‘Ha, ha!’ they answered, ‘ha! too late!’

There Beren laid his father’s bones

in haste beneath a cairn of stones;

no graven rune nor word he wrote

o’er Barahir, but thrice he smote

245the topmost stone, and thrice aloud

he cried his name. ‘Thy death’, he vowed,

‘I will avenge. Yea, though my fate

should lead at last to Angband’s gate.’

And then he turned, and did not weep:

250too dark his heart, the wound too deep.

Out into night, as cold as stone,

loveless, friendless, he strode alone.

Of hunter’s lore he had no need

the trail to find. With little heed

255his ruthless foe, secure and proud,

marched north away with blowing loud

of brazen horns their lord to greet,

trampling the earth with grinding feet.

Behind them bold but wary went

260now Beren, swift as hound on scent,

until beside a darkling well,

where Rivil rises from the fell

down into Serech’s reeds to flow,

he found the slayers, found his foe.

265From hiding on the hillside near

he marked them all: though less than fear

too many for his sword and bow

to slay alone. Then, crawling low

as snake in heath, he nearer crept.

270There many weary with marching slept,

but captains, sprawling on the grass,

drank and from hand to hand let pass

their booty, grudging each small thing

raped from dead bodies. One a ring

275held up, and laughed: ‘Now, mates,’ he cried,

‘here’s mine! And I’ll not be denied,

though few be like it in the land.

For I ’twas wrenched it from the hand

of that same Barahir I slew,

280the robber-knave. If tales be true,

he had it of some elvish lord,

for the rogue-service of his sword.

No help it gave him—he’s dead.

They’re parlous, elvish rings, ’tis said;

285still for the gold I’ll keep it, yea

and so eke out my niggard pay.

Old Sauron bade me bring it back,

and yet, methinks, he has no lack

of weightier treasures in his hoard:

290the greater the greedier the lord!

So mark ye, mates, ye all shall swear

the hand of Barahir was bare!’

And as he spoke an arrow sped

from tree behind, and forward dead

295choking he fell with barb in throat;

with leering face the earth he smote.

Forth then as wolfhound grim there leapt

Beren among them. Two he swept

aside with sword; caught up the ring;

300slew one who grasped him; with a spring

back into shadow passed, and fled

before their yells of wrath and dread

of ambush in the valley rang.

Then after him like wolves they sprang,

305howling and cursing, gnashing teeth,

hewing and bursting through the heath,

shooting wild arrows, sheaf on sheaf,

at trembling shade or shaken leaf.

In fateful hour was Beren born:

310he laughed at dart and wailing horn;

fleetest of foot of living men,

tireless on fell and light on fen,

elf-wise in wood, he passed away,

defended by his hauberk grey,

315of dwarvish craft in Nogrod made,

where hammers rang in cavern’s shade.

As fearless Beren was renowned:

when men most hardy upon ground

were reckoned folk would speak his name,

320foretelling that his after-name

would even golden Hador pass

or Barahir and Bregolas;

but sorrow now his heart had wrought

to fierce despair, no more he fought

325in hope of life or joy or praise,

but seeking so to use his days

only that Morgoth deep should feel

the sting of his avenging steel,

ere death he found and end of pain:

330his only fear was thraldom’s chain.

Danger he sought and death pursued,

and thus escaped the doom he wooed,

and deeds of breathless daring wrought

alone, of which the rumour brought

335new hope to many a broken man.

They whispered ‘Beren’, and began

in secret swords to whet, and soft

by shrouded hearths at evening oft

songs they would sing of Beren’s bow,

340of Dagmor his sword: how he would go

silent to camps and slay the chief,

or trapped in his hiding past belief

would slip away, and under night

by mist or moon, or by the light

345of open day would come again.

Of hunters hunted, slayers slain

they sang, of Gorgol the Butcher hewn,

of ambush in Ladros, fire in Drûn,

of thirty in one battle dead,

350of wolves that yelped like curs and fled,

yea, Sauron himself with wound in hand.

Thus one alone filled all that land

with fear and death for Morgoth’s folk;

his comrades were the beech and oak

355who failed him not, and wary things

with fur and fell and feathered wings

that silent wander, or dwell alone

in hill and wild and waste of stone

watched o’er his ways, his faithful friends.

360Yet seldom well an outlaw ends;

and Morgoth was a king more strong

than all the world has since in song

recorded: dark athwart the land

reached out the shadow of his hand,

365at each recoil returned again;

two more were sent for one foe slain.

New hope was cowed, all rebels killed;

quenched were the fires, the songs were stilled,

tree felled, hearth burned, and through the waste

370marched the black host of Orcs in haste.

Almost they closed their ring of steel

round Beren; hard upon his heel

now trod their spies; within their hedge

of all aid shorn, upon the edge

375of death at bay he stood aghast

and knew that he must die at last,

or flee the land of Barahir,

his land beloved. Beside the mere

beneath a heap of nameless stones

380must crumble those once mighty bones,

forsaken by both son and kin,

bewailed by reeds of Aeluin.

In winter’s night the houseless North

he left behind, and stealing forth

385the leaguer of his watchful foe

he passed—a shadow on the snow,

a swirl of wind, and he was gone,

the ruin of Dorthonion,

Tarn Aeluin and its water wan,

390never again to look upon.

No more shall hidden bowstring sing,

no more his shaven arrows wing,

no more his hunted head shall lie

upon the heath beneath the sky.

395The Northern stars, whose silver fire

of old Men named the Burning Briar,

were set behind his back, and shone

o’er land forsaken; he was gone.

Southward he turned, and south away

400his long and lonely journey lay,

while ever loomed before his path

the dreadful peaks of Gorgorath.

Never had foot of man most bold

yet trod those mountains steep and cold,

405nor climbed upon their sudden brink,

whence, sickened, eyes must turn and shrink

to see their southward cliffs fall sheer

in rocky pinnacle and pier

down into shadows that were laid

410before the sun and moon were made.

In valleys woven with deceit

and washed with waters bitter-sweet

dark magic lurked in gulf and glen;

but out away beyond the ken

415of mortal sight the eagle’s eye

from dizzy towers that pierced the sky

might grey and gleaming see afar,

as sheen on water under star,

Beleriand, Beleriand,

420the borders of the Elven-land.

FOOTNOTES

Preface

* ‘The Lost Tales’ is the name of the original versions of the legends of The Silmarillion.

The Return of Beren and Lúthien According to the Quenta Noldorinwa

* A later version of the story concerning the Nauglamír told that it had been made by craftsmen of the Dwarves long before for Felagund, and that it was the sole treasure that Húrin brought from Nargothrond and gave to Thingol. The task that Thingol then set the Dwarves was to remake the Nauglamír and in it to set the Silmaril that was in his possession. This is the form of the story in the published Silmarillion.

* The manner of Lúthien’s death is marked for correction; subsequently my father wrote against it: ‘Yet it hath been sung that Lúthien alone of Elves hath been numbered among our race, and goeth whither we go to a fate beyond the world.’

Extract from the Lost Tale of the Nauglafring

* Earlier in the tale, when Naugladur was preparing to leave Menegroth, he declared that Gwendelin the queen of Artanor (Melian) must go with him to Nogrod: to which she replied: ‘Thief and murderer, child of Melko, yet art thou a fool, for thou canst not see what hangs over thine own head.’

LIST OF NAMES IN THE ORIGINAL TEXTS

I have made this List of Names (restricted to names that occur in the passages of my father’s writing), which is obviously not an index, with two purposes in mind.

Neither of them is in any way essential to the book. In the first place, it is intended to assist a reader who cannot recall, among the mass of names (and forms of names), the reference of one that may be of significance in the narrative. In the second place, certain names, especially those that occur rarely or only once in the texts, are provided with a slightly fuller explanation. For example, while this is obviously of no significance in the tale, one may nonetheless want to know why the Eldar would not touch spiders ‘because of Ungweliantë’ (p. 41).

Aeluin    A lake in the northeast of Dorthonion where Barahir and his companions made their lair.

Aglon    A narrow pass between Taur-na-Fuin and the Hill of Himring, held by sons of Fëanor.

Ainur    (singular Ainu) ‘The Holy Ones’: the Valar and the Maiar. [The name Maiar was a late introduction of an earlier conception: ‘With the great ones came many lesser spirits, beings of their ownkind but of smaller might’ (such as Melian).]

Aman    The Land in the West beyond the Great Sea in which the Valar dwelt (‘the Blessed Realm’).

Anfauglith    ‘The Gasping Dust’. See Dor-na-Fauglith, The Thirsty Plain.

Angainu    The great chain, made by the Vala Aulë, in which Morgoth was bound (later Angainor).

Angamandi    (plural) ‘The Hells of Iron’. See Angband.

Angband    The great dungeon-fortress of Morgoth in the north-west of Middle-earth.

Angrim    Father of Gorlim the Unhappy.

Angrod    Son of Finrod (later Finarfin).

Arda    The Earth.

Artanor    ‘The Land Beyond’; region subsequently named Doriath, the kingdom of Tinwelint (Thingol).

Aryador    ‘Land of Shadow’, a name of Hisilómë (Dor-lómin) among Men. See Hisilómë.

Ascar    River in Ossiriand, renamed Rathlorion ‘Goldenbed’ when the treasure of Doriath was sunk in it.

Aulë    The great Vala known as Aulë the Smith; he is ‘a master of all crafts’, and ‘his lordship is over all the substances of which Arda is made.’

Ausir    A name of Dior.

Balrogs    [In the Lost Tales the Balrogs are conceived as existing ‘in hundreds’. They are called ‘demons of power’; they wear iron armour, and they have claws of steel and whips of flame.]

Barahir    A chieftain of Men, the father of Beren.

Bauglir    ‘The Constrainer’, a name of Morgoth among the Noldor.

Beleg    Elf of Doriath, a great archer, called Cúthalion, ‘Strongbow’; close companion and friend of Túrin Turambar, by whom he was tragically slain.

Belegost    One of the two great cities of the Dwarves in the Blue Mountains.

Beleriand    (earlier name Broseliand) The great region of Middle-earth, largely drowned and destroyed at the end of the First Age, extending from the Blue Mountains in the East to the Mountains of Shadow in the North (See Iron Mountains) and the western coasts.

Bëor    Leader of the first Men to enter Beleriand. See Edain.

Bitter Hills    See Iron Mountains.

Blessed Realm    See Aman.

Blue Mountains    The great range forming the eastern bounds of Beleriand.

Boldog    A captain of Orcs.

Bregolas    Brother of Barahir.

Burning Briar    The constellation of the Great Bear.

Calacirya    A pass in the Mountains of Valinor in which was the city of the Elves.

Carcharoth    See Karkaras.

Celegorm    Son of Fëanor, called ‘the Fair’.

Cranthir    Son of Fëanor, called ‘the Dark’.

i-Cuilwarthon    ‘The Dead that Live Again’, Beren and Lúthien after their return from Mandos; Cuilwarthien: The land where they dwelt. (Later form Guilwarthon.)

Cuiviénen    The Water of Awakening: the lake in Middle-earth where the Elves awoke.

Cûm-nan-Arasaith    The Mound of Avarice, raised over the slain in Menegroth.

Curufin    Son of Fëanor, called ‘the Crafty’.

Dagmor    Beren’s sword.

Dairon    A minstrel of Artanor, numbered among ‘the three most magic players of the Elves’; originally the brother of Lúthien.

Damrod and Díriel    The youngest sons of Fëanor. (Later names Amrod and Amras.)

Deadly Nightshade    A translation of Taur-na-Fuin; See Mountains of Night.

Dior    Son of Beren and Lúthien; father of Elwing, the mother of Elrond and Elros.

Doriath    The later name of Artanor, the great forested region ruled by Thingol (Tinwelint) and Melian (Gwendeling).

Dor-lómin    See Hisilómë.

Dor-na-Fauglith    The great grassy plain of Ard-galen north of the Mountains of Night (Dorthonion) that was transformed into a desert (See Anfauglith, The Thirsty Plain).

Dorthonion    ‘Land of Pines’; vast region of pinewoods on the northern borders of Beleriand; afterwards called Taur-na-Fuin, ‘the Forest under Night’.

Drûn    A region to the north of Lake Aeluin; not named elsewhere.

Draugluin    Greatest of the werewolves of Thû (Sauron).

Eärámë    ‘Eagle’s Pinion’, Tuor’s ship.

Eärendel    (later form Eärendil) Son of Tuor and Idril daughter of Turgon King of Gondolin; wedded Elwing.

Edain    ‘The Second People’, Men, but used chiefly of the three Houses of the Elf-friends who came earliest to Beleriand.

Egnor bo-Rimion    ‘The huntsman of the Elves’: the father of Beren, replaced by Barahir.

Egnor    Son of Finrod (later Finarfin).

Eilinel    Wife of Gorlim.

Elbereth    ‘Queen of the Stars’; See Varda.

Eldalië    (The people of the Elves), the Eldar.

Eldar    The Elves of the Great Journey from the place of their awakening; sometimes used in early texts to mean all Elves.

Elfinesse    An inclusive name for all the lands of the Elves.

Elrond of Rivendell    Son of Elwing and Eärendel.

Elros    Son of Elwing and Eärendel; first King of Númenor.

Elwing    Daughter of Dior, wedded Eärendel, mother of Elrond and Elros.

Eönwë    Herald of Manwë.

Erchamion    ‘One-handed’, name given to Beren; other forms Ermabwed, Elmavoitë.

Esgalduin    River of Doriath, passing Menegroth (the halls of Thingol), and flowing into Sirion.

Fëanor    Eldest son of Finwë; maker of the Silmarils.

Felagund    Noldorin Elf, founder of Nargothrond and sworn friend of Barahir father of Beren. [On the relation of the names Felagund and Finrod see p. 104.]

Fingolfin    The second son of Finwë; slain in single combat with Morgoth.

Fingon    Eldest son of Fingolfin; king of the Noldor after the death of his father.

Finrod    The third son of Finwë. [Name replaced by Finarfin, when Finrod became the name of his son, Finrod Felagund.]

Finwë    Leader of the second host of the Elves, the Noldor (Noldoli), on the Great Journey.

Foamriders    The kindred of the Eldar named the Solosimpi, later the Teleri; the third and last host on the Great Journey.

Gaurhoth    The werewolves of Thû (Sauron); Gaurhoth Isle, See Tol-in-Gaurhoth.

Gelion    The great river of East Beleriand fed by rivers flowing from the Blue Mountains in the region of Ossiriand.

Gilim    A giant, named by Lúthien in her ‘lengthening’ spell sung over her hair (p. 55), unknown save for the corresponding passage in The Lay of Leithian, where he is called ‘the giant of Eruman’ [a region on the coast of Aman ‘where the shadows were deepest and thickest in the world’].

Gimli    A very old and blind Noldorin Elf, long a captive slave in the stronghold of Tevildo, possessed of an extraordinary power of hearing. He plays no part in The Tale of Tinúviel or in any other tale, and never reappears.

Ginglith    River flowing into the Narog above Nargothrond.

Glómund, Glorund    Earlier names of Glaurung, ‘Father of Dragons’, the great dragon of Morgoth.

Gnomes    Early translation of Noldoli, Noldor: See pp. 32–3.

Gods    See Valar.

Gondolin    The hidden city founded by Turgon the second son of Fingolfin.

Gorgol    the Butcher An Orc slain by Beren.

Gorgorath    (Also Gorgoroth) The Mountains of Terror; the precipices in which Dorthonion fell southwards.

Gorlim    One of the companions of Barahir, the father of Beren; he revealed their hiding place to Morgoth (later Sauron). Called Gorlim the Unhappy.

Great Lands    The lands east of the Great Sea: Middle-earth [a term never used in the Lost Tales].

Great Sea of the West    Belegaer, extending from Middle-earth to Aman.

Green Elves    The Elves of Ossiriand, called Laiquendi.

Grinding Ice    Helkaraxë: the strait in the far North between Middle-earth and the Western Land.

Grond    Weapon of Morgoth, a great club known as the Hammer of the Underworld.

Guarded Plain    The great plain between the rivers Narog and Teiglin, north of Nargothrond.

Guilwarthon    See i-Cuilwarthon.

Gwendeling    Earlier name of Melian.

Hador    A great chieftain of Men, called ‘the Goldenhaired’, grandfather of Húrin father of Túrin, and of Huor father of Tuor father of Eärendel.

Haven of the Swans    See Notes on the Elder Days, p. 23.

Hills of the Hunters    (also The Hunters’ Wold) The highlands west of the river Narog.

Himling    A great hill in the north of East Beleriand, a stronghold of the sons of Fëanor.

Hirilorn    ‘Queen of Trees’, a great beech-tree near Menegroth (Thingol’s halls); in its branches was the house in which Lúthien was imprisoned.

Hisilómë    Hithlum. [In a list of names of the period of the Lost Tales it is said: ‘Dor-lómin or the “Land of Shadow” was that region named of the Eldar Hisilómë (and this means “shadowy twilights”) . . . and it is so called by reason of the scanty sun which peeps over the Iron Mountains to the east and south of it.’]

Hithlum    See Hisilómë.

Huan    The mighty wolfhound of Valinor, who became the friend and saviour of Beren and Lúthien.

Húrin    Father of Túrin Turambar and Niënor.

Idril    Called Celebrindal ‘Silverfoot’, daughter of Turgon King of Gondolin; wedded to Tuor, mother of Eärendel.

Ilkorins, Ilkorindi    Elves not of Kôr, city of the Elves in Aman (See Kôr).

Indravangs    (also Indrafangs) ‘Long Beards’, the Dwarves of Belegost.

Ingwil    River flowing into the Narog at Nargothrond (later form Ringwil).

Iron Mountains    Also called the Bitter Hills. A great range corresponding to the later Ered Wethrin, the Mountains of Shadow, forming the southern and eastern borders of Hisilómë (Hithlum). See Hisilómë.

Ivárë    A renowned minstrel of the Elves, ‘who plays beside the sea’.

Ivrin    The lake below the Mountains of Shadow where the Narog rose.

Karkaras    The huge wolf that guarded the gates of Angband (later Carcharoth), its tail named in Lúthien’s ‘lengthening spell’; translated ‘Knife-fang’.

Kôr    City of the Elves in Aman, and the hill on which it was built; later the city became Tûn and the hill alone was Kôr. [Finally the city became Tirion and the hill Túna.]

Ladros    A region to the northeast of Dorthonion.

Lay of Leithian, The    See p. 88.

Lonely Isle    Tol Eressëa: a large island in the Great Sea near the coasts of Aman; the most easterly of the Undying Lands, where many Elves dwelt.

Lórien    The Valar Mandos and Lórien were called brothers, and named the Fanturi: Mandos was Néfantur and Lórien was Olofantur. In the words of the Quenta Lórien was the ‘maker of visions and of dreams; and his gardens in the land of the Gods were the fairest of all places in the world and filled with many spirits of beauty and power.’

Mablung    ‘Heavy hand’, Elf of Doriath, chief captain of Thingol; present at the death of Beren in the hunt of Karkaras.

Magic Isles    Isles in the Great Sea.

Maglor    The second son of Fëanor, a celebrated singer and minstrel.

Maiar    See Ainur.

Maidros    Eldest son of Fëanor, called ‘the Tall’ (later form Maedhros).

Mandos    A Vala of great power. He is the Judge; and he is the keeper of the Houses of the Dead, and the summoner of the spirits of the slain [the Quenta]. See Lórien.

Manwë    The chief and most mighty of the Valar, the spouse of Varda.

Melian    The Queen of Artanor (Doriath), earlier name Gwendeling; a Maia, who came to Middle-earth from the realm of the Vala Lórien.

Melko    The great evil Vala, Morgoth (later form Melkor).

Menegroth    See The Thousand Caves.

Miaulë    A cat, cook in the kitchen of Tevildo.

Mîm    A dwarf, who settled in Nargothrond after the departure of the Dragon and laid a curse on the treasure.

Mindeb    A river flowing into Sirion in the region of Doriath.

Mountains of Night    The great heights (Dorthonion, ‘Land of Pines’) that came to be called The Forest of Night (Taurfuin, later Taur-na-[-nu-]fuin).

Mountains of Shadow, Shadowy Mountains    See Iron Mountains.

Nan    The only thing known of Nan seems to be the name of his sword, Glend, named in Lúthien’s ‘lengthening spell’ (See Gilim).

Nan Dumgorthin    ‘The land of the dark idols’ where Huan came upon Beren and Lúthien in their flight from Angband. In the alliterative poem the Lay of the Children of Húrin (see p. 78) occur these lines:

in Nan Dungorthin where nameless gods

have shrouded shrines in shadows secret,

more old than Morgoth or the ancient lords

the golden Gods of the guarded West.

Nargothrond    The great cavernous city and fortress founded by Felagund on the river Narog in West Beleriand.

Narog    River in West Beleriand; See Nargothrond. Often used in the sense ‘realm’, i.e. ‘of Nargothrond’.

Naugladur    Lord of the Dwarves of Nogrod.

Nauglamír    The Necklace of the Dwarves, in which was set the Silmaril of Beren and Lúthien.

Nessa    The sister of Oromë and spouse of Tulkas. See Valier.

Nogrod    One of the two great cities of the Dwarves in the Blue Mountains.

Noldoli, later Noldor    The second host of the Eldar on the Great Journey, led by Finwë.

Oikeroi    A fierce warrior-cat in the service of Tevildo, slain by Huan.

Orodreth    Brother of Felagund; King of Nargothrond after the death of Felagund.

Oromë    The Vala called the Hunter; led on his horse the hosts of the Eldar on the Great Journey.

Ossiriand    ‘The Land of Seven Rivers’, Gelion and its tributaries from the Blue Mountains.

Outer Lands    Middle-earth.

Palisor    The region of the Great Lands where the Elves awoke.

Rathlorion    River in Ossiriand. See Ascar.

Ringil    The sword of Fingolfin.

Rivil    River rising in the west of Dorthonion and flowing into Sirion at the fens of Serech, north of Tol Sirion.

Sarn Athrad    The Ford of Stones, where the river Ascar in Ossiriand was crossed by the road to the cities of the Dwarves in the Blue Mountains.

Serech    Great fens where the Rivil flowed into the Sirion; See Rivil.

Shadowy Mountains, Mountains of Shadow    See Iron Mountains.

Shadowy Seas    A region of the Great Sea of the West.

Sickle of the Gods    The constellation of the Great Bear [which Varda set above the North as a threat to Morgoth and an omen of his fall.]

Silmarils    The three great jewels filled with the light of the Two Trees of Valinor, made by Fëanor. See pp. 36–7.

Silpion    The White Tree of Valinor, from whose flowers there fell a dew of silver light; also called Telperion.

Sirion    The great river of Beleriand, rising in the Mountains of Shadow and flowing southward, dividing East from West Beleriand.

Taniquetil    The highest Mountain of Aman, the abode of Manwë and Varda.

Taurfuin, Taur-na-fuin,    (later -nu-) The Forest of Night; See Mountains of Night.

Tavros    Gnomish name of the Vala Oromë: ‘Lord of Forests’; later form Tauros.

Tevildo    The Prince of Cats, mightiest of all cats, ‘possessed of an evil spirit’ (see pp. 49, 69); a close companion of Morgoth.

Thangorodrim    The mountains above Angband.

Thingol    King of Artanor (Doriath); earlier name Tinwelint. [His name was Elwë: he was a leader of the third host of the Eldar, the Teleri, on the Great Journey, but in Beleriand he was known as ‘Greycloak’ (the meaning of Thingol).]

Thirsty Plain    See Dor-na-Fauglith.

Thorondor    King of Eagles.

Thousand Caves    Menegroth: The hidden halls of Tinwelint (Thingol) on the river Esgalduin in Artanor.

Thû    The Necromancer, greatest of the servants of Morgoth, dwelling in the Elvish watchtower on Tol Sirion; later name Sauron.

Thuringwethil    Name taken by Lúthien in bat-form before Morgoth.

Timbrenting    Old English name of Taniquetil.

Tinfang Warble    A famous minstrel [Tinfang = Quenya timpinen ‘fluter’.]

Tinúviel    ‘Daughter of Twilight’, nightingale: name given to Lúthien by Beren.

Tinwelint    King of Artanor; See Thingol, the later name.

Tirion    City of the Elves in Aman; See Kôr.

Tol-in-Gaurhoth    Isle of Werewolves, the name of Tol Sirion after its capture by Morgoth.

Tol Sirion    The island in the river Sirion on which there was an Elvish fortress; See Tol-in-Gaurhoth.

Tulkas    The Vala described in the Quenta as ‘the strongest of all the Gods in limb and greatest in all feats of valour and prowess’.

Tuor    Cousin of Túrin and father of Eärendil.

Túrin    Son of Húrin and Morwen; named Turambar ‘Master of Doom’.

Uinen    A Maia (See Ainur). ‘The Lady of the Seas’, ‘whose hair lies spread through all the waters under sky’; named in Lúthien’s ‘lengthening spell’.

Ulmo    ‘Lord of Waters’, the great Vala of the Seas.

Umboth-Muilin    The Twilight Meres, where Aros, the southern river of Doriath, flowed into Sirion.

Umuiyan    An old cat, the doorkeeper of Tevildo.

Ungweliantë    The monstrous spider, dwelling in Eruman (See Gilim), who with Morgoth destroyed the Two Trees of Valinor; (later form Ungoliant).

Valar    (singular Vala) ‘The Powers’; in early texts referred to as the Gods. They are the great beings who entered the World at the beginning of Time. [In the Lost Tale of the Music of the Ainur Eriol said: ‘I would fain know who be these Valar; are they the Gods?’ He received this reply: ‘So be they, though concerning them Men tell many strange and garbled tales that are far from the truth, and many strange names they call them that you will not hear here.’]

Valier    (singular Valië) The ‘Queens of the Valar’; in this book are named only Varda, Vána and Nessa.

Valinor    The land of the Valar in Aman.

Valmar, Valimar    City of the Valar in Valinor.

Vána    The spouse of Oromë. See Valier.

Varda    Greatest of the Valier; the spouse of Manwë; maker of the stars [hence her name Elbereth, ‘Queen of the Stars’].

Vëannë    The teller of The Tale of Tinúviel.

Wingelot    ‘Foamflower’, Eärendel’s ship.

Wizard’s Isle    Tol Sirion.

Wood-elves    Elves of Artanor.

GLOSSARY

This glossary contains words (including forms and meanings of words differing from modern usage) that seemed to me liable to give difficulty. The content of such a list as this cannot of course be systematic, deriving from some external standard.

an    if, 45, 52, 80, 82, etc.

bent    open place covered with grass, 144

bid    offered, 241

chase    hunting ground, 181

clomb    old past tense of climb, 202

corse    corpse, 193

croft    small plot of land, 122

drouth    dryness, 125

entreat    treat, 60, 65; [modern sense] 61, 83

envermined    full of noxious creatures, 186. This word seems not to be otherwise recorded.

fell    hide, 72, 101, 146, 153–4, 185–8, etc.

flittermouse    bat, 210

forhungered    starved, 173

frith    wood, woodland, 143

frore    very cold, 113

glamoury    magic, enchantment, 125

haggard    (of hills) wild, 177

haply    perhaps, 45, 96, 118

hem and hedge     enclose and fence off, 101

howe    burial mound, barrow, 234

inane    empty, 190

lave    wash, 55

leeches    physicians, 173, 176

let    hinder, 124: their going let ‘hinder their passing’

like    please, 88 (in doth it like thee?)

limber    supple, 143

march    borderland, 178, 195

neb    beak, bill, 97, 265–6

nesh    soft, tender, 215

opes    opens, 198

parlous    dangerous, 268

pled    old past tense of plead, 170

quook    old past tense of quake, 192

rede    counsel, 48, 59

rove    past tense of rive ‘rend, tear apart, cleave’, 213

ruel-bone    ivory, 143

runagate    deserter, renegade, 48

scullion    kitchen drudge, 51

shores    supports, 203

sigaldry    sorcery, 125

slot    track of an animal, 83–4

spoor    the same as slot, 84

sprite    spirit, 49

sylphine    of the nature of a sylph (a spirit inhabiting the air), 210. This adjective is not recorded.

swath    (space left after passage of a mower) track, trace, 127

tarn    a small mountain lake, 258

thews    bodily strength, 76

thrall    a slave, one who is in bondage (thraldom), 20, 47–9, 59, 69, 73, etc.

trammelled    hampered, impeded, 151

unkempt    uncombed, 51

viol    a stringed instrument played with a bow, 158, 176

weft    woven fabric, 173

weird    fate, 144, 177

weregild    (Old English) the price set upon a man in accordance with his rank, 258

whin    gorse, 259

wolfhame    wolfskin, 185

woof    woven fabric, 213

would    wished, 184–5, 205

Read More from J.R.R. Tolkien

Visit www.hmhco.com to find more books by J.R.R. Tolkien, or click any of the links below to see a specific title.

THE HOBBIT

LEAF BY NIGGLE

ON FAIRY-STORIES

FARMER GILES OF HAM

THE HOMECOMING OF BEORHTNOTH

THE LORD OF THE RINGS

THE ADVENTURES OF TOM BOMBADIL

THE ROAD GOES EVER ON (WITH DONALD SWANN)

SMITH OF WOOTTON MAJOR

Works published posthumously

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT, PEARL AND SIR ORFEO*

THE FATHER CHRISTMAS LETTERS

THE SILMARILLION*

PICTURES BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN*

UNFINISHED TALES*

THE LETTERS OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN*

FINN AND HENGEST

MR BLISS

THE MONSTERS AND THE CRITICS & OTHER ESSAYS*

ROVERANDOM

THE CHILDREN OF HÚRIN*

THE LEGEND OF SIGURD AND GUDRÚN*

THE FALL OF ARTHUR*

BEOWULF: A TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY*

THE STORY OF KULLERVO

The History of Middle-earth—by Christopher Tolkien

I THE BOOK OF LOST TALES, PART ONE

II THE BOOK OF LOST TALES, PART TWO

III THE LAYS OF BELERIAND

IV THE SHAPING OF MIDDLE-EARTH

V THE LOST ROAD AND OTHER WRITINGS

VI THE RETURN OF THE SHADOW

VII THE TREASON OF ISENGARD

VIII THE WAR OF THE RING

IX SAURON DEFEATED

X MORGOTH’S RING

XI THE WAR OF THE JEWELS

XII THE PEOPLES OF MIDDLE-EARTH

* Edited by Christopher Tolkien

ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND EDITOR

J.R.R. Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892, in Bloemfontein. After serving in the First World War, Tolkien embarked upon a distinguished academic career and was recognized as one of the finest philologists in the world. He is, however, best known as the creator of Middle-earth and author of such classic and extraordinary works of fiction as The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion. His books have been translated into more than sixty languages and have sold many millions of copies worldwide. He was awarded a CBE, and an honorary doctorate of letters from Oxford University in 1972. He died in 1973 at the age of eighty-one.

Christopher Tolkien, born on November 21, 1924, is the third son of J.R.R. Tolkien. Appointed by Tolkien to be his literary executor, he has devoted himself since his father’s death to the editing and publication of unpublished writings, notably The Silmarillion and the collections entitled Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle-earth. He and his wife, Baillie, have lived in France since 1975.